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Topic Review
Enteroviruses
Enteroviruses (EV) are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to Picornaviridae. Most of the infections caused by EV are asymptomatic. However, EV can cause serious infections such as neurological and cardiac infections. Different chronic diseases have been linked to EVs, as causative agents, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and type 1 diabetes. 
  • 973
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Calprotectin As a Drug Target
Calprotectin (CP), a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 EF-hand calcium-binding proteins, is an integral part of the innate immune response. CP exploits the metal requirement of pathogens in the host immune response through the chelation of transition metals, starving pathogens of these nutrients. In addition, CP plays a role in the inflammatory response by acting as a ligand for cell surface receptors that signal through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
  • 971
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Potential of Brown Algae
Brown algae have been part of the human diet for hundreds of years, however, in recent years, commercial and scientific interest in brown algae has increased due to the growing demand for healthier diet by the world population. Brown algae and its metabolites, such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, and proteins, have been associated with multiple beneficial health effects for different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, one of the main causes of death in Europe.
  • 971
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Basic Principles of Bioprocess Monitoring and Viability Determination
Bioprocesses involve multiple steps, including upstream processing, downstream processing and product formulation. Each of these steps must be monitored and regulated precisely, which requires suitable sensors that meet specific demands. Both the process itself and the process monitoring can be arranged differently. Likewise, this applies to the determination of viability, with each method possessing advantages and disadvantages.
  • 971
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Iron Assimilation
Iron is a key transition metal required by most microorganisms and is prominently utilised in the transfer of electrons during metabolic reactions. The acquisition of iron is essential and becomes a crucial pathogenic event for opportunistic fungi. Iron is not readily available in the natural environment as it exists in its insoluble ferric form, i.e., in oxides and hydroxides. During infection, the host iron is bound to proteins such as transferrin, ferritin, and haemoglobin. As such, access to iron is one of the major hurdles that fungal pathogens must overcome in an immunocompromised host. Thus, these opportunistic fungi utilise three major iron acquisition systems to overcome this limiting factor for growth and proliferation. (Draft for definition)
  • 970
  • 09 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Zinc Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men worldwide. Despite progresses in early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, prognosis for patients with advanced PCa remains poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent, diagnose and effectively treat PCa patients in clinic. Noteworthily, a unique feature of healthy prostate is its highest level of zinc content among all soft tissues in the human body, which dramatically decreases during prostate tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss clinical applications of zinc-containing compounds and proteins involved in PCa signaling pathways. Based on currently available studies, we conclude that zinc can serve as a biomarker in PCa diagnosis and therapies.
  • 970
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Pharmacological Activation of AMPK
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the central component of a signaling pathway that is conserved in essentially all eukaryotes, the exceptions being a few parasites (e.g., Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria) that spend most of their life cycle living inside other eukaryotic cells, in which case the host cell provides AMPK and the parasite may therefore have been able to dispense with it. AMPK is activated by various stresses that act via both classical (canonical) and non-classical (non-canonical) pathways. Pharmacological activation of AMPK can also be achieved via a range of mechanisms. Here, we enumerate the different classes of AMPK activators and describe their mechanisms of action.
  • 970
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms in Food Industry
Machine learning assists with food process optimization techniques by developing a model to predict the optimal solution for given input data. Machine learning includes unsupervised and supervised learning, data pre-processing, feature engineering, model selection, assessment, and optimization methods. Various problems with food processing optimization could be resolved using these techniques. Machine learning is increasingly being used in the food industry to improve production efficiency, reduce waste, and create personalized customer experiences. Machine learning may be used to improve ingredient utilization and save costs, automate operations such as packing and labeling, and even forecast consumer preferences to develop personalized products. Machine learning is also being used to identify food safety hazards before they reach the consumer, such as contaminants or spoiled food. The usage of machine learning in the food sector is predicted to rise as more businesses understand the potential of this technology to enhance customer experience and boost productivity.
  • 976
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
HSV-1 Non-Essential Proteins
Approximately half of the proteins encoded by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome have been classified as non-essential. These proteins have essential roles in vivo in counteracting antiviral responses, facilitating the spread of the virus from the sites of initial infection to the peripheral nervous system, where it establishes lifelong reservoirs, virus pathogenesis, and other regulatory roles during infection.
  • 970
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Konjac Glucomannan
Konjac glucomannan (KGM), can not only be applied as a food additive, which greatly improves the taste and flavor of food and extends the shelf life of food but also occupies an important role in T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). KGM can extend gastric emptying time, increase satiety, and promote liver glycogen synthesis, and also has the potential to improve intestinal flora and the metabolic system through a variety of molecular pathways in order to positively regulate oxidative stress and immune inflammation, and protect the liver and kidneys.
  • 969
  • 01 Feb 2023
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