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Topic Review
Somatic Cell Sources for Reprogramming
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated by Yamanaka in 2006, revolutionizing research by overcoming limitations imposed by the use of embryonic stem cells. In terms of the conservation of endangered species, iPSC technology presents itself as a viable alternative for the manipulation of target genetics without compromising specimens.
  • 204
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique for generating embryos with genomic information identical to that of donor cells. SCNT has presented various insights into the process of de-differentiation by cellular reprogramming.  Now authors are focusing on the challenge of understanding the potential of pluripotent stem cells and the safe use. Moreover, stem cells from livestock have provided many potential to the academic field as well as medical and industrial applications.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Soluble Starch Synthase Enzymes in Cereals
Starch is synthesized by different enzymes, but starch structure and amount are mainly determined by the activities of starch synthase enzymes (SS) with the involvement of starch branching enzymes (SBEs) and debranching enzymes (DBEs).
  • 704
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Soluble Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1
The interaction of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL1) with its receptor PD1 inhibits T-cell responses. Blockade of this interaction with monoclonal antibodies leads to major antitumor effects. However, not all cancer patients respond well to anti-(PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy. The PD-L1 protein is expressed at the cell plasma membrane (mPD-L1), at the surface of exosomes (exoPD-L1), in cell nuclei (nPD-L1) and as a soluble circulating protein (sPD-L1). The aim of our analysis was to highlight the multiple variants of sPD-L1 generated either by the proteolytic cleavage of m/exoPD-L1 or by the alternative splicing of PD-L1 pre-mRNA. The objective was also to underline the presence and role of circulating sPD-L1 isoforms in multiple cancer indications and many other diseases (including chronic inflammatory and viral diseases), and under non-pathological conditions (pregnancy). sPD-L1 often represents a general marker of an inflammatory status. The pool of sPD-L1 proteins is an integral part of the highly dynamic PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.
  • 548
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Soluble Dietary Fiber
Dietary fiber is a widely recognized nutrient for human health. Previous studies proved that dietary fiber has significant implications for gastrointestinal health by regulating the gut microbiota. Moreover, mechanistic research showed that the physiological functions of different dietary fibers depend to a great extent on their physicochemical characteristics, one of which is solubility.
  • 975
  • 15 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Soluble CD146 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
CD146, also known as MUC18 or MCAM, is a 113KDa transmembrane glycoprotein that was first described by Johnson et al. as a melanoma progression antigen. It was found to be present in the vascular system, whatever the caliber of the vessel, in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes. In normal cells, CD146 is also expressed by placental trophoblasts and a subset of activated T-cell. Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) are the most aggressive breast cancers and lead to poor prognoses. 
  • 324
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Solubility of Oxygen and Hydrogen in Water
Produced by photosynthesis, oxygen (O2) is a fundamentally important gas in biological systems, playing roles as a terminal electron receptor in respiration and in host defence through the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen (H2) plays a role in metabolism for some organisms, such as at thermal vents and in the gut environment, but has a role in controlling growth and development, and in disease states, both in plants and animals.
  • 643
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Solubility and Aggregation of Proteins
Protein solubility is based on the compatibility of the specific protein surface with the polar aquatic environment. The exposure of polar residues to the protein surface promotes the protein’s solubility in the polar environment. The application of 3D GAuss function allows identification of accordant/discordant regions in proteis. The discordant ones usually represent the localisation of biological activity. 
  • 917
  • 11 Oct 2021
Biography
Solomon Isaakovich Pekar
Solomon Isaakovich Pekar (March 16, 1917 – July 8, 1985), a Soviet theoretical physicist, born in Kiev, Ukraine . He was a full Member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and is known for his fundamental contributions to condensed matter physics, especially for introducing and advancing the concept of polaron as a charge carrier in solids. In 1941 Pekar submitted his Candidate of Science t
  • 454
  • 11 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Solidago virgaurea L
Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod, Woundwort), Asteraceae, is a familiar medicinal plant in Europe and other parts of the world, widely used and among the most researched species from its genus. The aerial parts of European goldenrod have long been used for urinary tract conditions and as an anti-inflammatory agent in the traditional medicine of different peoples. Its main chemical constituents are flavonoids (mainly derived from quercetin and kaempferol), C6-C1 and C6-C3 compounds, terpenes (mostly from the essential oil), and a large number of saponin molecules (mainly virgaureasaponins and solidagosaponins). 
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Dec 2020
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