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Topic Review
Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it.
  • 345
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Peptides on Immune System
Protein hydrolysates, defined as the pool of peptides of which a protein is composed, are among the most relevant products in the food industry, and may become even more relevant as a key player to improve our food system. The immune system is somehow related to all the metabolic pathways, in a bidirectional way, and the nutritional interventions affecting these pathways might have a relevant impact on the inflammatory status of the individuals. Food-derived peptides have been demonstrated to exert several bioactivities by in vitro or animal studies. Their potential to be used as functional food is promising, considering the simplicity of their production and the high value of the products obtained.
  • 305
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Use of Insect Meal for Poultry Diets
Interest has grown among poultry nutritionists in using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, to meet the protein requirements of poultry due to sustainability concerns surrounding traditional protein sources such as soybean and fish meal. Insect meal can be produced from different insects, including black soldier fly, mealworms, and house crickets, and its nutrient composition varies depending on the insect species, the substrate they are reared on, and the production method. Insect meal has been shown to be a rich source of protein, amino acids (lysine, methionine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, zinc), with a high digestibility rate, making it a valuable feed ingredient for poultry production. Additionally, using insect meal in poultry feed could reduce the cost of production and the environmental impact on the industry. Furthermore, the use of insect meal has the potential to improve the growth performance and meat quality of poultry species.
  • 432
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Edible Films and Coatings Definition and Obtention
Meat deterioration during processing, distribution, and display can compromise the quality and safety of products, causing several undesirable changes and decreasing products’ shelf-life, which has a negative impact on the industry and consumers. Studies have been carried out using decontamination techniques and new packaging methodologies to overcome deterioration problems, increase sustainability, and reduce waste. Edible films and coatings obtained from biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, combined with active compounds, can be an alternative approach.
  • 393
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Redox Network in Mammalian Cells and Selenium Compouds
Redox balance is important for the homeostasis of normal cells, but also for the proliferation, progression, and survival of cancer cells. Both oxidative and reductive stress can be harmful to cells. In contrast to oxidative stress, reductive stress and the therapeutic opportunities underlying the mechanisms of reductive stress in cancer, as well as how cancer cells respond to reductive stress, have received little attention and are not as well characterized. Therefore, there is recent interest in understanding how selective induction of reductive stress may influence therapeutic treatment and disease progression in cancer. There is also the question of how cancer cells respond to reductive stress. Selenium compounds have been shown to have chemotherapeutic effects against cancer and their anticancer mechanism is thought to be related to the formation of their metabolites, including hydrogen selenide (H2Se), which is a highly reactive and reducing molecule and possible can generate the reductive stress in cells. The research report on the molecular mechanism of how cells recognize and respond to oxidative and reductive stress and selenium compounds with well documented hydrogen selenide release, as compounds possibly useful in study of redox homeostasis by the selective induction of reductive stress in cells and in vivo, as well as possibly their utility in anti-cancer therapy.
  • 322
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Subtelomeric Heterochromatin in Rye
The genome of cultivated rye, Secale cereale L., is considered one of the largest among species of the tribe Triticeae and thus it tops the average angiosperm genome and the genomes of its closest evolutionary neighbors, such as species of barley, Hordeum (by approximately 30–35%), and diploid wheat species, Triticum (approximately 25%).The review provides an analysis of the structural organization of subtelomeric heterochromatic regions of rye chromosomes with a description of the molecular mechanisms contributing to their size increase during evolution and the classes of DNA sequences involved in these processes. 
  • 347
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Lonicera japonica Polysaccharides
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a widely distributed plant with ornamental, economic, edible, and medicinal values. L. japonica is a phytoantibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a potent therapeutic effect on various infectious diseases. The anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-depression, antioxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-gout, and anti-alcohol-addiction effects of L. japonica can also be explained by bioactive polysaccharides isolated from this plant.
  • 644
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Histological Features of Primary Morphogenic Calli
The use of in vitro callus cultures as experimental model systems allows us to get closer to understanding the patterns and features of morphogenesis in intact plants. In this regard, the problem of realizing the morphogenetic potential of callus cells due to their pluri- and totipotency properties is of great interest. To solve this problem, it is important to use the histological approach, which involves studying the structures of developing tissues, organs and organisms in their interactions and relationships. 
  • 301
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals the Skeletal Cellular Dynamics
The bone is an important organ that performs various functions, and the bone marrow inside the skeleton is composed of a complex intermix of hematopoietic, vascular, and skeletal cells. Current single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has revealed heterogeneity and sketchy differential hierarchy of skeletal cells. 
  • 275
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Relief of Visual Fatigue
Studies have found that supplementation with the right foods or nutrients can be effective in enhancing the eyes' resistance to external and internal stimuli, thereby alleviating or avoiding visual fatigue. Among these, supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been found to be effective in protecting eye health and relieving visual fatigue.
  • 430
  • 26 Jun 2023
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