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Topic Review
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Microbes Interaction
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil microbe interactions are among the most important and influential processes that occur, as they significantly influence the plant growth and soil structure properties. Their interactions may be of crucial importance to the sustainable, low-input productivity of paddy ecosystems.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death, caused by iron-mediated peroxidation of cellular lipids, that leads to tissue dysfunction in several human diseases including Friedreich's ataxia.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Astrocyte Pathology in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The discovery in the last decade of unique astroglial features that include their role in synaptic plasticity and memory function has broadened and refurbished the conception of brain function in health and disease. Astrocytes are both necessary and sufficient for memory function, and contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive and intellectual disability disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Fragile X syndrome (FXS), or Down syndrome (DS). We review some of the most relevant studies demonstrating that astrocytes are involved in the synaptic pathology of the two most common genetic forms of intellectual disability (FXS and DS).
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Periadenitis Mucosa Necrotica Recurrens
Aphthous stomatitis, or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals. The informal term canker sore is also used, mainly in North America, although it may also refer to other types of mouth ulcers. The cause is not completely understood but involves a T cell-mediated immune response triggered by a variety of factors which may include nutritional deficiencies, local trauma, stress, hormonal influences, allergies, genetic predisposition, certain foods, dehydration, some food additives, or some hygienic chemical additives like SDS (common in toothpaste). These ulcers occur periodically and heal completely between attacks. In the majority of cases, the individual ulcers last about 7–10 days, and ulceration episodes occur 3–6 times per year. Most appear on the non-keratinizing epithelial surfaces in the mouth – i.e. anywhere except the attached gingiva, the hard palate and the dorsum of the tongue – although the more severe forms, which are less common, may also involve keratinizing epithelial surfaces. Symptoms range from a minor nuisance to interfering with eating and drinking. The severe forms may be debilitating, even causing weight loss due to malnutrition. The condition is very common, affecting about 20% of the general population to some degree. The onset is often during childhood or adolescence, and the condition usually lasts for several years before gradually disappearing. There is no cure, and treatments such as corticosteroids aim to manage pain, reduce healing time and reduce the frequency of episodes of ulceration.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Honey Bees
Honey bees play a pivotal role in the sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity. Many factors including parasites, pathogens, pesticide residues, forage losses, and poor nutrition have been proposed to explain honey bee colony losses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of honey bees and their role has been consistently reported in the literature. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Biography
Masoud Alimohammadi
Masoud Alimohammadi (Persian: مسعود علی‌محمدی‎, 24 August 1959 – 12 January 2010) was an Iranian quantum field theorist and elementary-particle physicist and a distinguished professor of elementary particle physics at the University of Tehran's Department of Physics.[1] He was assassinated on the morning of 12 January 2010 (some minutes before 8 o'clock, local time) in front o
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
H2O Soft Seltzer & Water-Based Beverages Hydration
H2O Sonoma Soft Seltzer is a non-alcoholic water-based beverage, that is infused with the juice of varietal wine grapes, dealcoholized wine, and flavor extracts.  The Beverage Guidance System has established dietary recommendations for daily intake of commonly consumed beverages including water, tea, coffee, milk, non-calorically sweetened beverages, and calorically sweetened beverages. As obesity in America continues to be a growing problem, this guidance becomes of increasing importance due to many beverages’ potential links to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and numerous other harmful health effects. However, the growing popularity of “better for you” beverages is causing a shift in the market, with consumers requesting healthier beverage options. Beverages simultaneously present advantages while posing concerns that need to be evaluated and considered. Current trends of the beverage market such as the novel Soft Seltzer category as an alternative to Hard Seltzer and various mashups emerge.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sulfur in Seeds
Sulfur is a growth-limiting and secondary macronutrient as well as an indispensable component for several cellular components of crop plants. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Aquaporin
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enabling the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Autophagy during Herpesvirus Infections
Human herpesviruses are a ubiquitous family of viruses that infect individuals of all ages and are present at a high prevalence worldwide. Herpesviruses are responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from skin and mucosal lesions to blindness and life-threatening encephalitis, and some of them, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), are known to be oncogenic. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that some herpesviruses may be associated with developing neurodegenerative diseases. These viruses can establish lifelong infections in the host and remain in a latent state with periodic reactivations. To achieve infection and yield new infectious viral particles, these viruses require and interact with molecular host determinants for supporting their replication and spread. Important sets of cellular factors involved in the lifecycle of herpesviruses are those participating in intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, as well as autophagic-based organelle recycling processes.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Apr 2021
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