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Topic Review
Molecular Structure of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, can cause serious infection of the central nervous system in humans, resulting in potential neurological complications and fatal outcomes. TBEV is primarily transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, and the viral agent circulates between ticks and animals, such as deer and small mammals. The occurrence of the infection aligns with the seasonal activity of ticks. As no specific antiviral therapy exists for TBEV infection, treatment approaches primarily focus on symptomatic relief and support. Active immunization is highly effective, especially for individuals in endemic areas. The burden of TBEV infections is increasing, posing a growing health concern. 
  • 238
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Application of High-Intensity Ultrasound to Food Processing
Ultrasound is known as a green novel technology due to its role in environmental sustainability. Ultrasound waves are classified into four different categories based on the mode of vibration of the particles in the medium, with respect to the direction of propagation of the wave, viz., longitudinal waves, transverse waves, surface waves, and plate waves.
  • 539
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Chlorogenic Acid on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a powerful antioxidant polyphenol molecule found in many diets and liquid beverages, playing a preventive and therapeutic role in various diseases caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent research has found that CGA can not only improve clinical symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients but also improve follicular development, hormone status, and oxidative stress in PCOS rats, indicating the therapeutic effect of CGA on PCOS.
  • 365
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Derived miRNAs in Modulating Insect Development
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding small RNAs, are crucial regulatory factors in plants and animals at the post-transcriptional level. These tiny molecules suppress gene expression by complementary oligonucleotide binding to sites in the target messenger.
  • 261
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Innate Immunity in Tumor Microenvironment
Immunotherapies including adaptive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have developed the treatment of cancer in clinic, and most of them focus on activating T cell immunity. Although these strategies have obtained unprecedented clinical responses, only limited subsets of cancer patients could receive long-term benefits, highlighting the demand for identifying novel targets for the new era of tumor immunotherapy. Innate immunity has been demonstrated to play a determinative role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence the clinical outcomes of tumor patients.
  • 230
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Macropore Formation and Current Facilitation in P2X7
Macropore formation and current facilitation are intriguing phenomena associated with ATP-gated P2X7 receptors (P2X7). Macropores are large pores formed in the cell membrane that allow the passage of large molecules. The precise mechanisms underlying macropore formation remain poorly understood, but recent evidence suggests two alternative pathways: a direct entry through the P2X7 pore itself, and an indirect pathway triggered by P2X7 activation involving additional proteins, such as TMEM16F channel/scramblase. On the other hand, current facilitation refers to the progressive increase in current amplitude and activation kinetics observed with prolonged or repetitive exposure to ATP. Various mechanisms, including the activation of chloride channels and intrinsic properties of P2X7, have been proposed to explain this phenomenon.
  • 378
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
PTHrP-Related Signatures in Adipogenesis and Transdifferentiation
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a protein hormone of 139, 141, or 173 amino acids, which may be cleaved into smaller bioactive forms, comprising amino terminus, mid-region, and carboxy terminus peptides, active as key controllers of viability, proliferation, and differentiation in diverse normal and pathological cell and tissue model systems via the reprogramming of gene expression and intracellular signalization.
  • 274
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Viral Infection-Mediated Pulmonary Epigenetics
Respiratory viral infections can trigger chronic lung diseases. Number of studies have shown that respiratory viral infection causes epigenetic changes, which refer to genetic alterations that affect gene expression without any mutational genetic changes.
  • 268
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Factors Involved in Cancer Transformation
Inflammation, when it became chronic, settles down the body’s normal inflammatory process, creating a favorable environment for the development of cancerous cells. There are numerous signaling pathways that are key contributors to generating epigenetic changes outside and inside the cell.
  • 346
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Physiochemical Properties
Zinc oxide nanomaterials have been the cynosure of this decade because of their immense potential in different biomedical applications. It includes their usage in the prognosis and treatment of different infectious and cellular diseases, owing to their peculiar physiochemical properties such as variable shape, size, and surface charge etc. Increasing demand and usage of the ZnO nanomaterials raise concerns about their cellular and molecular toxicity and their biocompatibility with human cells.
  • 681
  • 12 Jul 2023
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