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Topic Review
Rocaglates Target DEAD-Box RNA-Helicase eIF4A
The increase in pandemics caused by RNA viruses of zoonotic origin highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals against novel and re-emerging RNA viruses. Broad-spectrum anti-virals could be deployed as first-line interventions during an outbreak while virus-specific drugs and vaccines are developed and rolled out. Viruses depend on the host’s protein synthesis ma-chinery for replication. Several natural compounds that target the cellular DEAD-box RNA hel-icase eIF4A, a key component of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F, have emerged as potential broad-spectrum antivirals. Rocaglates, a group of flavaglines of plant origin that clamp mRNAs with highly structured 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) onto the surface of eIF4A through specific stacking interactions, exhibit the largest selectivity and potential therapeu-tic indices among all known eIF4A inhibitors. Their unique mechanism of action limits the inhibi-tory effect of rocaglates to the translation of eIF4A-dependent viral mRNAs and a minor fraction of host mRNAs exhibiting stable RNA secondary structures and/or polypurine sequence stretches in their 5′UTRs, resulting in minimal potential toxic side effects.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Biography
Wladek Minor
Władysław Minor also known as Wladek Minor (born 1946) is a Polish-American biophysicist, a specialist in structural biology and protein crystallography. He is a Harrison Distinguished Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics at the University of Virginia.[1] Minor is a co-author of HKL2000/HKL3000 – crystallographic data processing and structure solution software used to pro
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating and first-responding innate myeloid cellsand have so far been underestimated in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is the mostfrequent, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS is treatablebut not curable and its cause(s) and pathogenesis remain elusive. The involvement of neutrophilsin MS pathogenesis has been suggested by the use of preclinical animal disease models, as wellas on the basis of patient sample analysis. In this review, we provide an overview of the possiblemechanisms and functions by which neutrophils may contribute to the development and pathology ofMS. Neutrophils display a broad variety of e ector functions enabling disease pathogenesis, including(1) the release of inflammatory mediators and enzymes, such as interleukin-1 , myeloperoxidase andvarious proteinases, (2) destruction and phagocytosis of myelin (as debris), (3) release of neutrophilextracellular traps, (4) production of reactive oxygen species, (5) breakdown of the blood–brain barrierand (6) generation and presentation of autoantigens. An important question relates to the issue ofwhether neutrophils exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory function or are also implicated in theresolution of chronic inflammatory responses in MS.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jun 2020
Topic Review
KIT Gene
KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Germ Cell Development
Mechanistic understanding of germ cell formation at a genome-scale level can aid in developing novel therapeutic strategies for infertility. Germ cell formation is a complex process that is regulated by various mechanisms, including epigenetic regulation, germ cell-specific gene transcription, and meiosis.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Mar 2021
Topic Review
X Chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans (the other is the Y chromosome). The sex chromosomes form one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes in each cell.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Egg Protein
Egg protein is a remarkably abundant source of protein, with an amino acid score of 100 and the highest net protein utilization rate. However, there have been relatively fewer studies investigating the health benefits of egg protein. The available information regarding the health benefits of egg proteins based on human studies has been summarized. In particular, studies conducted on the characteristics of egg whites, as they are high in pure protein, have reported their various health functions, such as increases in muscle mass and strength enhancement, lowering of cholesterol, and visceral fat reduction. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
CXCL13 in Cancer and Other Diseases
C-X-C chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, CXCR5, make crucial contributions to this process by triggering intracellular signaling cascades in malignant cells and modulating the sophisticated TME in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. The CXCL13/CXCR5 axis has a dominant role in B cell recruitment and tertiary lymphoid structure formation, which activate immune responses against some tumors. In most cancer types, the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis mediates pro-neoplastic immune reactions by recruiting suppressive immune cells into tumor tissues. Tobacco smoke and haze (smohaze) and the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene induce the secretion of CXCL13 by lung epithelial cells, which contributes to environmental lung carcinogenesis. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Crop Disease
Crop diseases constitute a serious issue in agriculture, affecting both quality and quantity of agriculture production. Disease control has been a research object in many scientific and technologic domains. Technological advances in sensors, data storage, computing resources and artificial intelligence have shown enormous potential to control diseases effectively. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of using data from different types of sensors and machine learning approaches to build models for detection, prediction, analysis, assessment, etc. However, the increasing number and diversity of research studies requires a literature review for further developments and contributions in this area. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Life
Life is the characteristic state of organisms. Properties common to terrestrial organisms (plants, animals, fungi, protists and bacteria) are that they are cellular, carbon-and-water-based with complex organization, having a metabolism, a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and—through natural selection—adapt. An entity with the above properties is considered to be organic life. However, not every definition of life considers all of these properties to be essential. For example, the capacity for descent with modification is often taken as the only essential property of life. This definition notably includes viruses, which do not qualify under narrower definitions as they are acellular and do not metabolise. Broader definitions of life may also include theoretical non-carbon-based life and other alternative biology. The entire Earth contains about 75 billion tons of biomass (life), which lives within various environments within the biosphere.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2022
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