Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Pericyte Loss in Diseases
Pericytes are specialized cells located in close proximity to endothelial cells within the microvasculature. They play a crucial role in regulating blood flow, stabilizing vessel walls, and maintaining the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. The loss of pericytes has been associated with the development and progression of various diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, sepsis, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. 
  • 246
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Volume Regulation and Swelling Mechanisms in Cardiomyocytes
Mitochondrion, known as the “powerhouse” of the cell, regulates ion homeostasis, redox state, cell proliferation and differentiation, and lipid synthesis. The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) controls mitochondrial metabolism and function. It possesses high levels of proteins that account for ~70% of the membrane mass and are involved in the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, energy transfer, and ion transport, among others. The mitochondrial matrix volume plays a crucial role in IMM remodeling. Several ion transport mechanisms, particularly K+ and Ca2+, regulate matrix volume. Small increases in matrix volume through IMM alterations can activate mitochondrial respiration, whereas excessive swelling can impair the IMM topology and initiates mitochondria-mediated cell death. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, the well-characterized phenomenon with unknown molecular identity, in low- and high-conductance modes are involved in physiological and pathological increases of matrix volume.
  • 541
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Genes Documented to Interact with Mn
Manganese (Mn) exposure has evolved from acute, high-level exposure causing manganism to low, chronic lifetime exposure. In this latter scenario, the target areas extend beyond the globus pallidus (as seen with manganism) to the entire basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta. This change of exposure paradigm has prompted numerous epidemiological investigations of the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD), or parkinsonism, due to the long-term impact of Mn. In parallel, experimental research has focused on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of Mn and its interactions with genetic susceptibility.
  • 259
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Advantage of Enteric Glial Cells' Plasticity and Multipotency
The enteric nervous system (ENS), known as the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, is composed of a diverse array of neuronal and glial cell subtypes. Fascinating questions surrounding the generation of cellular diversity in the ENS have captivated ENS biologists for a considerable time, particularly with recent advancements in cell type-specific transcriptomics at both population and single-cell levels. However, the current focus of research in this field is predominantly restricted to the study of enteric neuron subtypes, while the investigation of enteric glia subtypes significantly lags behind. Despite this, enteric glial cells (EGCs) are increasingly recognized as equally important regulators of numerous bowel functions. Moreover, a subset of postnatal EGCs exhibits remarkable plasticity and multipotency, distinguishing them as critical entities in the context of advancing regenerative medicine.
  • 338
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Horticultural Crops through Genome Editing
Genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for accelerating crop improvement in horticultural crops by enabling precise modifications to their genetic makeup.
  • 431
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Human Health and Climate Change
Human health is also affected by climate change effects. According to the World Health Organization, the epidemiology of infectious diseases constantly fluctuates in response to environmental changes and interactions among pathogens, hosts, reservoirs and vectors.
  • 296
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Anticancer Properties of Polyphenols
Polyphenols have attracted attention for their anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of these molecules, they are also proposed as a potential therapeutic tool to prevent complications of cancer and decrease the secondary effects of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
  • 237
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Morphologenetic and Molecular Mechanisms in Mammalian Palatogenesis
Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient’s quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive. 
  • 353
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are hematological disorders characterized by both proliferative and dysplastic features. According to the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC), MDS/MPN consists of clonal monocytosis of undetermined significance (CMUS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), MDS/MPN with SF3B1 mutation (MDS/MPN-T-SF3B1), MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis not otherwise specified (MDS/MPN-RS-T-NOS), and MDS/MPN-NOS. These disorders exhibit a diverse range of genetic alterations involving various transcription factors (e.g., RUNX1), signaling molecules (e.g., NRAS, JAK2), splicing factors (e.g., SF3B, SRSF2), and epigenetic regulators (e.g., TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A), as well as specific cytogenetic abnormalities (e.g., 8 trisomies, 7 deletions/monosomies). 
  • 291
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
SC and TE Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
Tissue engineering (TE) is a rapidly evolving biomedical discipline that can play an important role in treating neurogenic bladder dysfunction and compensating for conventional options’ shortcomings. 
  • 318
  • 09 Aug 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1815
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback