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Topic Review
The Genomic Characterization of OLYaV
This is a summary of the publication (https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101272) where the complete coding sequence of olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV) has been determined and the phylogenetic relationships with other members of the Closteroviridae family were analyzed. New insights into the taxonomy of the family were achieved suggesting that OLYaV, persimmon virus B and actidinia virus 1, could represent a new genus in the family, proposed the name Olivavirus for olive in latin (oliva).
  • 943
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Genetic Basis of Eye Color
Eye color is a polygenic phenotype, and many genetic variants have been highlighted, with the major contributor being the HERC2-OCA2 locus, where many single nucleotide variations (SNPs) were identified.
  • 693
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Genetic Architecture of SLD
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
The Gene Family of Voltage-Gated ChLoride Channels
Endosomes and lysosomes are intracellular vesicular organelles with important roles in cell functions such as protein homeostasis, clearance of extracellular material, and autophagy. Endolysosomes are characterized by an acidic luminal pH that is critical for proper function. Five members of the gene family of voltage-gated ChLoride Channels (CLC proteins) are localized to endolysosomal membranes, carrying out anion/proton exchange activity and thereby regulating pH and chloride concentration. Mutations in these vesicular CLCs cause global developmental delay, intellectual disability, various psychiatric conditions, lysosomal storage diseases, and neurodegeneration, resulting in severe pathologies or even death. 
  • 291
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Gene Elongation Mechanism
Gene elongation is a molecular mechanism consisting of an in-tandem duplication of a gene and divergence and fusion of the two copies, resulting in a gene constituted by two divergent paralogous modules. Several examples of genes with internal sequence repetitions are reported in literature; thus, gene elongation might have shaped the structures of many genes during the first steps of molecular and cellular evolution.  
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
The Gamma-Tubulin Meshwork
γTubulin is part of a family of GTPases called the tubulins. Due to the self-polymerizing ability of γ-tubulin, in combination with its presence in all cellular compartments, γtubulin can be organized in γ-strings, and γ-tubules, and the γ-strings associated with the centrosome. These components are interlinked to form a cellular meshwork in both the cytosol (including all cellular organelles) and the nuclear compartment.
  • 768
  • 10 Nov 2020
Topic Review
The Game of Tubulins
Members of the tubulin superfamily are GTPases; the activities of GTPases are necessary for life. The members of the tubulin superfamily are the constituents of the microtubules and the γ-tubulin meshwork. Mutations in members of the tubulin superfamily are involved in developmental brain disorders, and tubulin activities are the target for various chemotherapies. The intricate functions (game) of tubulins depend on the activities of the GTP-binding domain of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin.
  • 486
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
The Galaninergic System
Peptidergic systems play an important role in cancer progression. The galaninergic system (the peptide galanin and its receptors: galanin 1, 2 and 3) is involved in tumorigenesis, the invasion and migration of tumor cells and angiogenesis and it has been correlated with tumor stage/subtypes, metastasis and recurrence rate in many types of cancer. Galanin exerts a dual action in tumor cells: a proliferative or an antiproliferative effect depending on the galanin receptor involved in these mechanisms. Galanin receptors could be used in certain tumors as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for treatment, prognosis and surgical outcome. 
  • 442
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Functions of NRF2 in Carcinogenesis and Cancer
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-KEAP1 system is the master regulator of cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis. NRF2 has Janus-like roles in carcinogenesis and cancer development. Short-term NRF2 activation suppresses tissue injury, inflammation, and cancer initiation.
  • 294
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
The FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopies
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy and mapping were applied tothe analysis of biofilms produced by bacteria of the genus Streptococcus. Bacterial biofilm, also calleddental plaque, is the main cause of periodontal disease and tooth decay. It consists of a complexmicrobial community embedded in an extracellular matrix composed of highly hydrated extracellularpolymeric substances and is a combination of salivary and bacterial proteins, lipids, polysaccharides,nucleic acids, and inorganic ions. This study confirms the value of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopiesin biology, medicine, and pharmacy as effective tools for bacterial product characterization.
  • 888
  • 03 Nov 2020
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