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Topic Review
microRNAs for Treatment of Ewing’s Sarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a rare type of cancer that forms in bones and soft tissues in the body, affecting mostly children and young adults. microRNAs have shown favourable results as latent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. microRNAs that might have therapeutic potential as target molecules in the treatment of ES.
  • 212
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin K and Its Function
Vitamin K is a lipid-soluble vitamin that is normally maintained within appropriate levels by means of dietary intake and bacterial production in the intestinal microflora. It holds a central role in coagulation homeostasis, and thus its depletion leads to hypocoagulation and haemorrhagic diathesis.
  • 262
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sources and Biological Activity of Cell-Free DNA
The term cell-free DNA (cfDNA) encompasses all kinds of extracellular DNA molecules found in serum or plasma and other body fluids, and includes genomic DNA (gDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as well as DNA of bacterial or viral origin. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), freely circulating in the bloodstream, urine, and other fluids (or encapsulated in vesicles) may be derived from both normal and diseased cells. cfDNA is extremely dynamic and responsive, providing sensitive indicators of changes that are not detectable by standard clinical tests. It can be used as a reliable, safe, and objective tool to reflect disease progression and supplement clinical data in a particular patient, and thus, represents a new path in personalized medicine.
  • 348
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Lymphocytes in Brief
Lymphocytes are a vital class of white blood cells that serve as the backbone of the immune system. These small yet powerful cells play a pivotal role in defending the body against infections, viruses, and other foreign invaders. Lymphocytes come in two main types: B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells), each with distinct functions. B cells are the architects of humoral immunity, producing antibodies that can recognize and neutralize specific pathogens. They originate in the bone marrow and mature there, eventually differentiating into plasma cells that churn out antibodies. T cells, on the other hand, are central to cell-mediated immunity, a critical defense mechanism against intracellular threats like viruses. They mature in the thymus gland and include helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and memory T cells, each with specialized roles. Lymphocytes undergo complex developmental processes, ensuring they can identify invaders while avoiding attacks on the body's own cells. Their functions span innate and adaptive immunity, making them essential for maintaining health and responding to diseases. From protecting against infections to enabling vaccination and driving cutting-edge cancer treatments, lymphocytes are indispensable to our well-being, and ongoing research promises to unlock even more of their potential.
  • 674
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Basophils in Brief
Basophils are a type of white blood cell that play a multifaceted role in the immune system. These enigmatic cells, constituting a mere 0.5% or less of the total white blood cell population, originate in the bone marrow and mature under the influence of various growth factors and cytokines. Traditionally known for their involvement in allergic reactions, basophils are equipped with high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) that bind to allergens. Upon allergen exposure, basophils release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, triggering the hallmark symptoms of allergies. Beyond allergies, basophils are integral in the body's defense against parasitic infections. When they encounter parasitic antigens, they release cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13, promoting a Th2 immune response that helps eliminate parasites. Basophils also have a less explored role as regulators of the immune system, potentially influencing T cell differentiation and acting as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Additionally, they contribute to tissue repair and wound healing by releasing factors that stimulate angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. In clinical settings, basophils serve as valuable biomarkers for allergic diseases, parasitic infections, and certain hematological disorders. Ongoing research continues to unveil the diverse functions of basophils, highlighting their importance in immunology and beyond.
  • 341
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Polyphenols and its Natural Preservatives
The use of synthetic/artificial preservatives has become common and has not been widely accepted by consumers as they are aware of the fact that exposure to preservatives can lead to adverse effects on health, which is a major area of concern for researchers. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds appear to be extensively used as bio-preservatives to prolong the shelf life of the finished product. 
  • 442
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Automated Stuttering Classification
Speech disfluency, particularly stuttering, can have a significant impact on effective communication. Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by repetitions, prolongations, and blocks in the flow of speech, which can result in communication difficulties, social isolation, and low self-esteem. Stuttering can also lead to negative reactions from listeners, such as impatience or frustration, which can further exacerbate communication difficulties.
  • 385
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Vinification Strategies on Wine Polyphenolic Profile
Polyphenols are a diverse group of compounds possessing various health-promoting properties that are of utmost importance for many wine sensory attributes. Apart from genetic and environmental parameters, the implementation of specific oenological practices as well as the subsequent storage conditions deeply affect the content and nature of the polyphenols present in wine.
  • 180
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Health Promoting Benefits of Edible Mushrooms
Mushrooms have long been used for medicinal and food purposes for over a thousand years, but a complete elucidation of the health-promoting properties of mushrooms through regulating gut microbiota has not yet been fully exploited. Mushrooms comprise a vast, and yet largely untapped, source of powerful new pharmaceutical substances. Mushrooms have been used in health care for treating simple and common diseases, like skin diseases and pandemic diseases like AIDS. 
  • 332
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Polyphenol-Rich Lentils and Their Health Promoting Effects
Lentil (Lens culinaris; Family: Fabaceae) is a potential functional dietary ingredient which has polyphenol-rich content. Several studies have demonstrated that the consumption of lentil is immensely connected to the reduction in the incidence of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancers and cardiovascular diseases due to its bioactive compounds. There has been increasing scientific interest in the study area of lentils as the functional food due to its high nutritive value, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds. These polyphenols and the bioactive compounds found in lentil play an important role in the prevention of those degenerative diseases in humans. Besides that, it has health-promoting effects. 
  • 265
  • 07 Oct 2023
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