Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Morel in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils
Morel is a popular edible mushroom with considerable medicinal and economic value which has garnered global popularity. Given the susceptibility of morels to HM accumulation, the quality and output of morels are at risk, posing a serious food safety concern that hinders the development of the morel industry.
  • 478
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Natural Methods for Foodborne Biofilms
Biofilms are large aggregates of various species of bacteria or other microorganisms tightly attached to surfaces through an intricate extracellular matrix. These complex microbial communities present quite the challenge in the food processing industry, as conditions such as raw meats and diverse food product content in contact with workers, drains, machinery, and ventilation systems, make for prime circumstances for contamination. Adding to the challenge is the highly resistant nature of these biofilm growths and the need to keep in mind that any antimicrobials utilized in these situations risk health implications with human consumption of the products that are being processed in these locations. For that reason, the ideal means of sanitizing areas of foodborne biofilms would be natural means. 
  • 228
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Microtubule Cytoskeleton Organization, Cell Polarity, and Phosphoinositide Signaling
The capacity for cancer cells to metastasize to distant organs depends on their ability to execute the carefully choreographed processes of cell adhesion and migration. As most human cancers are of epithelial origin (carcinoma), the transcriptional downregulation of adherent/tight junction proteins (e.g., E-cadherin, Claudin and Occludin) with the concomitant gain of adhesive and migratory phenotypes has been extensively studied.
  • 327
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Zebrafish Research
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a versatile and invaluable model organism in scientific research. These small, freshwater fish have gained prominence due to their transparency, rapid development, and genetic tractability. Zebrafish embryos are transparent, allowing researchers to observe developmental processes in real time, making them ideal for studies in developmental biology. Their genetic makeup can be easily manipulated, enabling forward and reverse genetics studies, including the use of advanced techniques like CRISPR-Cas9. Zebrafish have made significant contributions to various research areas, such as neurobiology, where their neural development and behaviors are studied. They are also crucial in disease modeling, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapies. Furthermore, zebrafish play a pivotal role in drug discovery, toxicology, regenerative medicine, and environmental studies. Despite certain limitations, their unique attributes continue to drive breakthroughs in scientific understanding and medical advancements.
  • 350
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Anatomopathology in Animal Models
Anatomopathology in animal models is a critical discipline that involves the study of tissue and organ changes in animals, often mammals, to advance our understanding of diseases and assess potential treatments. Through the examination of tissues and organs, researchers gain insights into disease mechanisms, validate therapeutic targets, and ensure the safety of new drugs. Ethical considerations regarding the humane treatment of animals and the responsible use of animal models are paramount. Emerging trends, such as non-invasive imaging techniques, genetically engineered models, and the integration of multi-omic data, promise to refine and expand the scope of anatomopathological research. This field plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap between basic science discoveries and clinical applications, ultimately contributing to improved healthcare for both humans and animals.
  • 259
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
CDK4/6 Inhibitors’ Resistance Mechanisms
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and its functional homolog CDK6 are two structurally related kinases with biochemical and biological similarities. Despite having few differences in some of their activities, these enzymes are constantly expressed throughout the cell cycle and, with their partners, D-cyclins, are fundamental for integrating mitogenic and antimitogenic extracellular signals, among which stimulating factors, cytokines, cell–cell contacts and other factors are included, representing a boundary between the environment and the cell cycle machinery. The cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex is a driving force that controls the transition from the G1 to the S phases. Also, the INK4 (the cyclin D-CDK4/6 inhibitor molecule) retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway regulates cellular proliferation by controlling the G1 to the S cell cycle checkpoint. The dysregulation of this pathway is frequently observed in cancer and contributes to cell cycle progression and persistent growth. CDK4/6 mediates the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase by associating with D-type cyclins and regulating the phosphorylation state of pRb. Unphosphorylated pRb binds and represses the functions of the E2 family (E2F) transcription factors; upon phosphorylation, pRb dissociates from the E2F transcription factors, freeing them to be able to participate in DNA replication and cell division.
  • 276
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Immune Response to Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the Nairoviridae family and Bunyavirales order, is transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with the blood of infected animals. It can cause severe symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever, with a mortality rate between 5 to 30%. CCHFV is classified as a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its high fatality rate and the absence of effective medical countermeasures. 
  • 472
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Climatic Changes on Cucumber Growth, Flower, Fruit Development
Environmental changes, both natural and anthropogenic, mainly related to rising temperatures and water scarcity, are clearly visible around the world. Climate change is important for crop production and is a major issue for the growth and productivity of cucumbers. Processes such as sex determination, flower morphogenesis and fruit development in cucumbers are highly sensitive to various forms of stress induced by climatic changes.
  • 975
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas9 in Brief
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing technology, is at the forefront of modern genetic research and biotechnology. This acronym stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9, which together constitute a powerful system for precisely modifying DNA. CRISPR-Cas9's core mechanism involves a guide RNA (gRNA) that targets a specific DNA sequence, directing the Cas9 enzyme to make a precise cut at that location. This break initiates the cell's natural DNA repair processes, allowing for gene disruptions, repairs, or replacements. The simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and versatility of CRISPR-Cas9 have led to its rapid adoption across various fields, including basic research, agriculture, medicine, and conservation. In basic research, scientists employ CRISPR-Cas9 to investigate gene functions and study diseases, significantly advancing our understanding of genetics. In medicine, the technology holds immense therapeutic potential, offering hope for treating genetic disorders and personalized medicine. Ethical considerations surrounding its use, such as off-target effects and germline editing, remain pivotal to its responsible application. Nevertheless, CRISPR-Cas9 stands as a transformative tool with boundless potential to reshape our understanding of genetics and improve the human condition.
  • 430
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Hepatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Hepatitis is a pressing global health concern, encompassing a range of viral infections that affect the liver, with symptoms varying from mild to severe, and sometimes fatal outcomes. This research delves into the intricate world of hepatitis, exploring its diverse types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E are dissected, shedding light on their unique characteristics and modes of transmission. The causes and risk factors, including viral transmission, unsafe practices, and poor sanitation, are highlighted. Symptoms, from fatigue to jaundice, are unveiled, underscoring the variability of hepatitis presentations. Diagnosis involves blood tests, liver function assessments, imaging, and, in some cases, liver biopsies. Treatment options range from supportive care for self-limiting infections to antiviral therapies and potential liver transplants for advanced cases. Prevention is key, with vaccination, safe practices, and screening playing pivotal roles. As we navigate this expansive landscape, understanding hepatitis becomes paramount for individuals and healthcare systems worldwide, offering hope in the battle against this global health challenge.
  • 324
  • 08 Oct 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1815
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback