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Topic Review
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Resources in China
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), as an economically and ecologically valuable plant with rich nutritional and bioactive compounds, has garnered significant interest. The demand for Sea buckthorn has explosive growth, highlighting the urgent need for the cultivation of fast-growing, high-quality Sea buckthorn seedlings. However, there are still some controversies in Sea buckthorn germplasm resource research.
  • 255
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Serendipita indica as a Growth Promoter
Serendipita indica has been found to be a prime beneficial microorganism that improved the growth and development of various plant species under normal and stress conditions. 
  • 616
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
SLC9B2 (NHA2/NHEDC2) in Male Fertility
The SLC9B2 gene encodes the NHA2 protein (also known as NHEDC2). While NHA2 has been shown to be important for regulating various aspects of physiology such as blood pressure, this protein has also been implicated as being important for male fertility in mice. What is known about NHA2 and its potentially important role in male fertility is emphasized.
  • 264
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
SLC9C1 (NHE10/sNHE) in Male Fertility
The SLC9C1 gene encodes the NHE10 protein (also known as sNHE). This protein has been shown to be essential for male fertility in both mice and humans and therefore there has been much interest in studying this protein. What is known about NHE10 and its role in male fertility is highlighted.
  • 205
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Spirulina spp.
Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green filamentous photosynthetic alga, is widely recognized as a valuable protein source, containing approximately 55–70% protein, 25% carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and 18% fatty acids. It is also rich in various vitamins and minerals. Notably, spirulina is known for its high content of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, vitamin C, gamma-linolenic acid, phycocyanins, tocopherols, chlorophyll, beta-carotenes, and carotenoids.
  • 332
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Spodoptera frugiperda and Prostephanus truncatus Biological Invasions' Impacts
Invasive alien species have environmental, economic and social impacts, disproportionally threatening the livelihood and food security of smallholder farmers in low- and medium-income countries. In most cases, farmers and governments often invest huge sums of money towards synthetic pesticides, the major and first control option used against invading pests, seldom trading off other important sectors, e.g., healthcare and education. Given pesticide resistance, many of these insecticides are often ineffectiv. Furthermore, resource-poor farmers in developing countries usually cannot afford personal protective equipment and lack the knowledge and understanding of chemical pesticides and their safe use, which compromises their proper use and risks exposure to toxic substances, resulting in accidental poisonings. Widespread and indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides also undermine environmental quality (biodiversity loss and pollution of air and water) and the pest control services provided by natural enemies. Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), two of the most important field and postharvest IAS, respectively, that have invaded Africa. 
  • 249
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis
Sporothrix belongs to the fungal class Ascomycota and the order Ophiostomatales. It is a genus formed by filamentous fungi found in soil, plants, and decaying organic matter and includes pathogenic species for both humans and animals as well as environmental members. 
  • 257
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Stachybotrys chartarum Enzymes and Their Possible Applications
Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold) (Stachybotriaceae) is a toxigenic fungus that is commonly found in damp environments. This fungus has the capacity to produce various classes of bio-metabolites with unrivaled structural features, including cyclosporins, cochlioquinones, atranones, trichothecenes, dolabellanes, phenylspirodrimanes, xanthones, and isoindoline and chromene derivatives.
  • 520
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases
Staphylococcus aureus is a very common Gram-positive bacterium, and S. aureus infections play an extremely important role in a variety of diseases. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacterium, is one of the most notorious human pathogens, causing illnesses ranging from mild skin and wound infections to fatal sepsis or multi-organ failure. Inflammatory cells play an important role in S. aureus infection. S. aureus infection and toxins can activate a variety of inflammatory cells, such as keratinocytes, helper T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, which release inflammatory factors that accumulate at the site of infection and cause an inflammatory response.
  • 846
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Staphylococcus aureus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Atopic Dermatitis Pathophysiology
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disease. The role of host defense and microbial virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, infection, and inflammation perpetuation in AD remains an area of current research focus. Extracellular vesicles (EV) mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting and delivering bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes, to recipient cells. Staphylococcus aureus spontaneously secretes extracellular vesicles (SA-derived EVs), which spread throughout the skin layers. Research has shown that SA-derived EVs from AD patients can trigger cytokine secretion in keratinocytes, shape the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, and induce inflammatory AD-type lesions in mouse models, in addition to their role as exogenous worsening factors for the disease. 
  • 136
  • 22 Mar 2024
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