Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
The Role of microRNAs in Neurological Pathologies
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are 18–25 nucleotides long (22 nucleotides on average) and involved in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by RNA interference, which is of great interest to molecular biologists, geneticists, and biochemists. These molecules are mainly present intracellularly, but there is also an extracellular (circulating) microRNA fraction. The existence and functions of more than 2500 human miRNAs are known. 
  • 507
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Role of MicroRNA 21 in Osteogenesis
MicroRNAs are short, single-stranded ribonucleic acids expressed endogenously in the body to regulate gene expression at the post-translational level, with exogenous microRNA offering an attractive approach to therapy. Among the myriad microRNA candidates involved in controlling bone homeostasis and remodeling, microRNA 21 (miR21) is the most abundant. 
  • 209
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Metallophores in Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered one of the most widespread infectious bacteria. It is found in the environment as well as being part of the human skin and nasal microbiota. Normally, S. aureus is harmless on healthy skin, but once it enters the blood or internal tissues, diverse infections occur including pneumonia, infection of surgical site and nosocomial bacteremia. Systemic S. aureus infection depends on the bacteria breaking through the epithelial protective layer. The incidence rate of this serious medical condition is between 20 and 50 cases/100,000 per year, with fatality rate ranging from 10% to 30%. Moreover, S. aureus forms biofilms that are associated with medical device infections such as prosthetic joints and endocarditis. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance S. aureus isolates, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is posing a serious problem for combating infectious diseases caused by this pathogen.
  • 422
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Role of LncRNA in Kidney Disease
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large, heterogeneous class of transcripts and key regulators of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in different cellular contexts and biological processes. LncRNAs plays an important role in renal pathogenesis. Altered expression of lncRNAs has been increasingly closely related to the onset and development of many diseases due to their role in gene regulation processes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational, and epigenetic levels. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to their role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in several human diseases. Regarding kidney diseases, there are numerous studies that have analyzed and demonstrated the role of lncRNAs mainly in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and acute kidney injury (AKI), and to a lesser extent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGs), and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).
  • 315
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Iron in Phytopathogenic Microbe–Plant Interactions
Iron is an essential element required for the growth and survival of nearly all forms of life. It serves as a catalytic component in multiple enzymatic reactions, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and DNA replication.
  • 158
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
The anterior pituitary also referred to as the adenohypophysis, originates from the oral ectoderm during embryonic development. It is enclosed by a network of blood capillaries originating from the hypothalamus, as a part of the hypophyseal portal system, responsible for transporting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary and from the anterior pituitary to the circulatory system. Hence, the hypophyseal portal system prevents hypothalamic hormones from entering directly into the circulation..
  • 445
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Insect-Microbiota Associations in Vector Competence
Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that cause human diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika fever, and filariasis. Biotechnological approaches using microorganisms have a significant potential to control mosquito populations and reduce their vector competence, making them alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Ongoing research has identified many microorganisms that can be used effectively to control mosquito populations and disease transmission. However, the successful implementation of these newly proposed approaches requires a thorough understanding of the multipronged microorganism–mosquito–pathogen–environment interactions. Although much has been achieved in discovering new entomopathogenic microorganisms, antipathogen compounds, and their mechanisms of action, only a few have been turned into viable products for mosquito control. There is a discrepancy between the number of microorganisms with the potential for the development of new insecticides and/or antipathogen products and the actual available products, highlighting the need for investments in the intersection of basic research and biotechnology.
  • 164
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Immune System in Tumor Microenvironment
The immune system is a complicated set of cells, tissues, and organs. They work together to preserve organisms from dangerous substances, pathogens, and tissue damage and to stop the event of diseases. The immune system has been categorized into innate and adaptive immunity based on variations in the activation of immune responses to many threats. Immune cells are a part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the communication between immune cells, other TME cells, and cancer cells plays a principal role in tumor development.
  • 419
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Macrophage Biology
Macrophages are cells in the innate immune system that provide the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Macrophages are classified broadly within two types of polarization states: classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial inflammatory mediator in immune cells, particularly macrophages, due to its direct and indirect effects on cellular signaling, redox homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The intricate regulation of endogenous H2S production and metabolism involves the coordination of transsulfuration pathway (TSP) enzymes and sulfide oxidizing enzymes, with TSP’s role at the intersection of the methionine pathway and glutathione synthesis reactions.
  • 334
  • 08 May 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Hydrocolloids in Gluten-Free Bread
Hydrocolloids are a group of water-soluble polysaccharides with different chemical structures, high molecular weight and hydrophilic long-chain molecules. 
  • 800
  • 20 Dec 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 1815
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback