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Topic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Ganoderma lucidum in Cancer
Triterpenoids, such as ganoderic acid, and polysaccharides, including β-D-glucans, α-D-glucans, and α-D-mannans, are the main secondary metabolites of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. There is evidence of the effects of ganoderic acid in hematological malignancies, whose mechanisms involve the stimulation of immune response, the macrophage-like differentiation, the activation of MAP-K pathway, an IL3-dependent cytotoxic action, the induction of cytoprotective autophagy, and the induction of apoptosis. In fact, this compound has been tested in twenty-six different human cancer cell types and has shown an anti-proliferative activity, especially in leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma lines. 
  • 262
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya Leaf against Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a clinical manifestation that refers to the low platelet count, i.e., <150 × 103/μL, of blood, resulting in imbalanced hemostasis, which leads to several fatal complications. The causative factors vary greatly, but, as a consequence, they interfere with platelet production and promote destruction, leading to death. Carica papaya leaf has unique therapeutic and medicinal characteristics against thrombocytopenia, and this is supported by scientific studies. Secondary metabolites and minerals in the leaf, such as carpaine and quercetin, promote platelet production, inhibit platelet destruction, and maintain platelet membrane through gene expression activity and the ceasing of viral proteases, respectively. Phytochemical profiles of C. papaya leaf revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, which impart therapeutic potential to the leaf. The therapeutic benefits of the leaf include immunomodulatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimalarial, antiangiogenic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Several conducted scientific research studies have proved the efficacy of C. papaya leaf against thrombocytopenia, expanding the implication of natural sources to eradicate numerous ailments.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Options against Chronic HBV
Currently, Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is controlled but not cured by approved antivirals. For instance, transcriptionally active HBV DNA in the nucleus is not directly targeted. Except for interferon-α (IFN-α) and pegylated IFN-α, all other licensed drugs are nucleoside (Lamivudine, Clevudine, Entecavir, Telbivudine) and nucleotide analogues (Adefovir dipivoxil, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tenofovir alafenamide). All these drugs are potent at reducing viral loads and normalizing alanine transaminase levels in CHB patients. However, long-term treatment with many of these drugs leads to the development of multiple drug resistance mutations. In addition, while a limited reduction in cccDNA is achieved, long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment does not reduce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels.
  • 431
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) target specifically antigens and have proven their efficacy in many human diseases, especially autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases), cancers (breast, lung, colorectal, and hematological cancers). Their humanization has greatly enhanced their biocompatibility and decreased their side effects such as immunogenicity. The clinical success of mAbs has expanded their application domain to other pathologies such as infectious, migraine, asthma, and hereditary diseases.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–300 nm vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells. They can carry cargo (including miRNA) from the donor cell to the recipient cell. miRNAs in EVs can change the translational profile of the recipient cell and modulate cellular morphology. This endogenous mechanism has attracted the attention of the drug-delivery community in the last few years. EVs can be enriched with exogenous therapeutic miRNAs and used for treatment of diseases by targeting pathological recipient cells. However, there are some obstacles that need to be addressed before introducing therapeutic miRNA-enriched EVs in clinics.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Therapeutic Interventions of Heat Shock Proteins
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and post-menopausal women. PCOS is a multifactorial heterogeneous disorder associated with a variety of etiologies, outcomes, and clinical manifestations. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a significant role in the progression of this multifactorial disorder. Abnormal levels of HSPs are a common finding in women with PCOS, and it has been established that they are involved in many aspects of the condition, making them suitable targets for possible treatments. HSPs cannot broadly be labeled as “good” or “bad”, but simply integral factors in the mechanism of PCOS that, once disrupted, contribute to its pathogenesis and can potentially be modulated to alleviate the condition.
  • 335
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Implications of Probiotics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of specific proteins in the brain. Manipulating gut microbiota (GM) significantly reduced tau pathology and neurodegeneration in an apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent manner. The resilience of a healthy microbiota protects it from a variety of dysbiosis-related pathologies. Convincing evidence has demonstrated the roles of GM in the pathogenesis of AD, which are partly mediated by modified microglial activity in the brain. Therefore, modulation of GM may be a promising therapeutic option for AD prevention. 
  • 229
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Implications for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of cancer that arises in the exocrine glands of the pancreas and comprises over 90% of pancreatic malignancies. Currently the 11th most common cancer worldwide, PDAC is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths and is on track to move to second place by 2030. Despite the high prevalence, therapeutic options remain limited, with only modest improvements in overall survival (OS) occurring over the past 50 years.
  • 542
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Gardens for Dementia People
Contact with nature involves the exposure to greenery in general, or it can involve specific activities such as gardening therapy or the use of therapeutic gardens, both of which are among the non-pharmacological treatments recommended for PWD and other kinds of disease [7,8]. Therapeutic gardens can be used more or less actively, for gardening or other activities (e.g., psychotherapy), or passively (for walking or simply sitting in). They can be built inside or outside care facilities. Including therapeutic gardens in care environments has positive effects on agitation, behavior, walking, stress levels, self-esteem, depression, and aggressiveness.
  • 637
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Efficacy of Cucurbitacin
Cucurbitacins are a class of secondary metabolites initially isolated from the Cucurbitaceae family. They are important for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer biological actions.
  • 517
  • 07 Nov 2022
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