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Topic Review
Therapy Dog Welfare
Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) seek to positively affect human health by utilizing animals as adjuncts to therapy. AAIs are broadly defined as any practice that involves animals as a part of a therapeutic or ameliorative process. In an AAI setting, the intensity and duration of the procedure vary with the recipient′s particular situation-specific need. 
  • 498
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology
As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions.
  • 466
  • 30 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Wound Healing Bioactivities of Medicinal Plants
Wound healing is a dynamic process underpinned by numerous cellular activities, including homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, that require proper harmonious integration to effectively repair the damaged tissue. Natural phytomedicines that possess considerable pharmacological properties have been widely and effectively employed forwound treatment and infection prevention. Since ancient times, phytotherapy has been able to efficiently treat cutaneous wounds, reduce the onset of infections, and minimize the usage of antibiotics that cause critical antibiotic resistance. There are a remarkable number of wound-healing botanicals that have been widely used in the Northern Hemisphere, including Achiella millefolium, Aloe vera, Althaea officinalis, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus, Jojoba, plantain, pine, green tea, pomegranate, and Inula.
  • 421
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus-Associated Malignancies
Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) have proven efficacy in those who have not been infected by the virus. As for therapeutic vaccines, they require the differentiated modulation of the immune system as both chronic infections and cancers are associated with specific immunosuppression and impairment of the immune surveillance system.
  • 475
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Targeting of Tumor Collagen
The tumor stroma, which comprises stromal cells and non-cellular elements, is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The dynamic interactions between the tumor cells and the stroma may promote tumor progression and metastasis and dictate resistance to established cancer therapies. Therefore, novel antitumor approaches should combine anticancer and anti-stroma strategies targeting dysregulated tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM remodeling is a hallmark of solid tumors, leading to extensive biochemical and biomechanical changes, affecting cell signaling and tumor tissue three-dimensional architecture. Increased deposition of fibrillar collagen is the most distinctive alteration of the tumor ECM. Consequently, several anticancer therapeutic strategies have been developed to reduce excessive tumor collagen deposition.
  • 468
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Targeting of the NF-κB Pathway in Cancer
NF-κB transcription factors are major drivers of tumor initiation and progression. NF-κB signaling is constitutively activated by genetic alterations or environmental signals in many human cancers, where it contributes to almost all hallmarks of malignancy, including sustained proliferation, cell death resistance, tumor-promoting inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, tissue invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. As such, the NF-κB pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in a broad range of human cancers, as well as in numerous non-malignant diseases.
  • 546
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of systemic disorders threatening human health with complex pathogenesis, among which mitochondrial energy metabolism reprogramming has a critical role. Mitochondria are cell organelles that fuel the energy essential for biochemical reactions and maintain normal physiological functions of the body. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders are extensively involved in the progression of CVD, especially for energy-demanding organs such as the heart. Therefore, elucidating the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the progression of CVD is of great significance to further understand the pathogenesis of CVD and explore preventive and therapeutic methods.
  • 423
  • 20 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Strategies for Pantothenate Kinase
The term neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) brings together a broad set of progressive and disabling neurological genetic disorders in which iron is deposited preferentially in certain areas of the brain. Among NBIA disorders, the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) caused by pathologic variants in the PANK2 gene codifying the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2). 
  • 403
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Strategies for Leukemic Stem Cells
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. The abundance of molecular and phenotypical aberrations associated with LSCs offers a wealth of promising therapeutic targets. Therapeutic designs have focused on drugging surface biomarkers selectively overexpressed on LSCs, antagonizing the protective bone marrow (BM) microenvironment niche to dismantle LSC dormancy, blocking signal transduction to re-sensitize resistant LSCs to available chemotherapeutics, and even expediting the drug supply pipeline through drug repurposing. Evidently, growing insight into the biological properties and prognostic values of LSCs have prompted the implementation of many clinical trials and have laid critical groundwork for the development of more effective, personalized, scalable, and less-toxic therapeutic strategies.
  • 497
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Stem Cell Banks
Stem cells are currently being used in many clinical trials for regenerative purposes. These are promising results for stem cells in the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, there are still many variables which should be addressed before the application of stem cells for cancer treatment. One approach should be to establish well-characterized therapeutic stem cell banks to minimize the variation in results from different clinical trials and facilitate their effective use in basic and translational research. 
  • 582
  • 27 Oct 2020
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