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Topic Review
Zinc Transporters of the Brain
Zinc ions play an essential role in the physiology of brain function. Zinc acts as a potent neuromodulatory agent and signaling ions, regulating healthy brain development and the function of both neurons and glial cells. Therefore, the concentration of zinc within the brain and its cells is tightly controlled. Zinc transporters are key regulators of (extra-)cellular zinc levels, and deregulation of zinc homeostasis and zinc transporters has been associated with neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, more information is provided about the presence of specific zinc transporters and their subcellular localization within brain cells (neurons, astrocytes).
  • 577
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Zinc Transporters in Different Biological Kingdoms
Zinc transporters take up/release zinc ions (Zn2+) across biological membranes and maintain intracellular and intra-organellar Zn2+ homeostasis. Since this process requires a series of conformational changes in the transporters, detailed information about the structures of different reaction intermediates is required for a comprehensive understanding of their Zn2+ transport mechanisms. Various Zn2+ transport systems have been identified in bacteria, yeasts, plants, and humans. 
  • 152
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Zinc Transport
Zinc is a micronutrient involved in many fundamental roles that are vital for routine bodily functions. A tight control of its concentration, however, is necessary to ensure balance inside the cells. Zinc transporters are thus essential to maintain cellular homeostasis.
  • 736
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Zinc Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men worldwide. Despite progresses in early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, prognosis for patients with advanced PCa remains poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent, diagnose and effectively treat PCa patients in clinic. Noteworthily, a unique feature of healthy prostate is its highest level of zinc content among all soft tissues in the human body, which dramatically decreases during prostate tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss clinical applications of zinc-containing compounds and proteins involved in PCa signaling pathways. Based on currently available studies, we conclude that zinc can serve as a biomarker in PCa diagnosis and therapies.
  • 934
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Physiochemical Properties
Zinc oxide nanomaterials have been the cynosure of this decade because of their immense potential in different biomedical applications. It includes their usage in the prognosis and treatment of different infectious and cellular diseases, owing to their peculiar physiochemical properties such as variable shape, size, and surface charge etc. Increasing demand and usage of the ZnO nanomaterials raise concerns about their cellular and molecular toxicity and their biocompatibility with human cells.
  • 586
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Zinc in Neurological Diseases
Zinc is a trace element essential for human survival, and its deficiency has been linked to various adverse effects, such as growth retardation, impaired functioning of the immune system, and cognitive dysfunction.
  • 811
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Zinc in Modern and Fossil Hominoid Teeth
Teeth begin to grow in the jaws before birth and continue to appear in an overlapping sequence until each is complete in length. Subsequently, the central pulp (nerve) chamber of each tooth slowly fills in with dentine and the root of the tooth continues to accumulate thin layers of cementum until the individual dies. Each of the tooth tissues, the hard enamel cap, the dentine core of the tooth and the root cementum grow incrementally and incorporate small quantities of blood-born trace elements ingested from our diet into their structure. A chronological record of zinc incorporation exists in each tooth tissue and can be visualised in thin sections, or slices, of teeth using a beam of synchrotron light. Zinc markings in teeth are especially useful and occur at birth in enamel and dentine and annually in the cementum layers. This work shows that zinc is consistently concentrated within surface enamel and in the dentine surrounding the central pulp chamber. Knowing where to sample Zn in modern and fossil teeth enables us to reconstruct a chronology of growth and to determine something about diet in the past from the remnants of different Zn isotopes contained in different foodstuffs.
  • 356
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein
The CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) in humans, specifically isoforms ZAP-L and ZAP-S, is a crucial component of the cell’s intrinsic immune response. ZAP acts as a post-transcriptional RNA restriction factor, exhibiting its activity during infections caused by retroviruses and alphaviruses.
  • 142
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Zinc Finger and BTB Domain-Containing 20 in Cancers
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 20 (ZBTB20), which was initially identified in human dendritic cells, belongs to a family of transcription factors (TFs) with an N-terminal BTB domain and one or more C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domains. Under physiological conditions, ZBTB20 acts as a transcriptional repressor in cellular development and differentiation, metabolism, and innate immunity. Interestingly, multiple lines of evidence from mice and human systems have revealed the importance of ZBTB20 in the pathogenesis and development of cancers. ZBTB20 is not only a hotspot of genetic variation or fusion in many types of human cancers, but also a key TF or intermediator involving in the dysregulation of cancer cells. 
  • 434
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Zinc Dyshomeostasis and Parkinson’s Disease
Zinc and other heavy metals have received considerable attention in neurodegenerative diseases because of their cytotoxicity. The role of zinc in the pathogenesis of PD is not straightforward because of its numerous and complex function. Both deficiency and excess of zinc have been incriminated in the development of the disease, though overwhelming evidence favor the later mechanism.
  • 802
  • 20 May 2021
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