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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide. This disease has a major social impact and high treatment costs. Animal models allow us to understand and follow the colon cancer progression; thus, in vivo studies are essential to improve and discover new ways of prevention and treatment. Dietary natural products have been under investigation for better and natural prevention, envisioning to show their potential. This manuscript intends to provide the readers a review of rodent colorectal cancer models available in the literature, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential in the evaluation of several drugs and natural compounds’ effects on colorectal cancer. 
  • 588
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Animal Models of Crohn Disease
Animal models are essential tools in Crohn's disease (CD) research. Mouse models, with their genetic tractability, and rat models, with physiological similarities to humans, allow researchers to explore CD's immunological aspects. Non-human primates, particularly rhesus macaques, provide insights into CD's complex immune interactions and allow for therapeutic testing. Zebrafish models offer optical transparency during development and a simplified gut structure for studying early CD pathogenesis. Porcine models, resembling humans more closely, enable investigations into mucosal healing, microbiota interactions, and surgical interventions. Humanized mouse models bridge the gap between animals and humans, offering a platform to study human-specific immune responses in CD research.
  • 225
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Animal Models of Neutropenia
Animal models of neutropenia are indispensable tools in biomedical research, offering unique insights into the causes, mechanisms, and potential treatments for this hematologic disorder. Neutropenia, characterized by a decreased number of neutrophils in the blood, can result from diverse factors, including chemotherapy, genetic mutations, autoimmune processes, and infections. Understanding these varied etiologies necessitates the use of different animal models, each tailored to specific research goals. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is a critical concern in cancer treatment, and mouse and rat models provide valuable platforms for studying drug-induced hematopoietic toxicity. These models enable precise control over drug exposure and dose, facilitating the development of supportive therapies. Genetic neutropenias, often associated with specific mutations, are investigated using murine and zebrafish models. These models allow researchers to replicate genetic conditions and explore potential therapeutic targets. Immune-mediated neutropenias, characterized by autoimmune responses against neutrophils, are studied in mice and non-human primates, providing insights into the immunopathological mechanisms involved and the testing of immunosuppressive interventions. Infection-induced neutropenia models, employing mice, zebrafish, and fruit flies, help elucidate host-pathogen interactions and the impact of infections on neutrophil production. By harnessing the strengths of these diverse animal models, scientists can deepen their understanding of neutropenia, advancing diagnostics and treatments for this clinically significant condition.
  • 258
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a global health concern affecting millions, has prompted extensive research using animal models to develop effective treatments. Among these models, Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis (AIA) and Pristane-Induced Arthritis (PIA) have gained prominence. In part 2 of this series, the unique features, advantages, and limitations of AIA and PIA  were described. These models provide valuable insights into RA but also have specific constraints. By understanding their characteristics and drawbacks, their crucial role in advancing RA research and facilitating the discovery of novel therapies for this debilitating autoimmune disorder were emphasizes, which continues to challenge healthcare worldwide.
  • 177
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Animal Models of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has a prevalence of 0.16–0.34% and an incidence of 7.6 per 100,000 person-years, accounting for 1–2% of all deaths in Western countries. No effective pharmacological therapies have been identified to slow TAA development and prevent TAA rupture. Large TAAs are treated with open surgical repair and less invasive thoracic endovascular aortic repair, both of which have high perioperative mortality risk. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TAA development and rupture to develop new therapies.
  • 189
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Animal Models of Visceral Sarcomas
Visceral sarcomas are a rare malignant subgroup of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). STSs, accounting for 1% of all adult tumors, are derived from mesenchymal tissues and exhibit a wide heterogeneity. Their rarity and the high number of histotypes hinder the understanding of tumor development mechanisms and negatively influence clinical outcomes and treatment approaches.
  • 254
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Animal Models to Study Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, multigenic, multifactorial, and non-cell autonomous neurodegenerative disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron loss. Several genetic mutations lead to ALS development and many emerging gene mutations have been discovered in recent years. Over the decades since 1990, several animal models have been generated to study ALS pathology including both vertebrates and invertebrates such as yeast, worms, flies, zebrafish, mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and non-human primates. Although these models show different peculiarities, they are all useful and complementary to dissect the pathological mechanisms at the basis of motor neuron degeneration and ALS progression, thus contributing to the development of new promising therapeutics.
  • 503
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Animal Models with Induced Diabetes/Obesity/Hypertension
Animal models with a relevant genetic setup are not the only way to analyze the biological effects of polyphenolic compounds. Pathophysiological changes typical of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may also be induced by dietary manipulation or the administration of drugs. The nutritional approaches studied involved administering a single type of diet or a combination of diets to modify metabolic pathways, especially those related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, to induce changes that best reflect those observed in people with MetS. To cause hypertension, obesity, hyperglycemia, or dyslipidemia in laboratory animals, they can be fed a diet including large doses of carbohydrates, including fructose and sucrose, or a high-fat diet. 
  • 279
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Animal Personality
Animal personality can be defined as behavioral and physiological differences between individuals of the same species, which are stable in time and across different contexts.
  • 618
  • 09 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Animal Resilience
Resilience is conceived as a dynamic developmental process involving the achievement of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Resilience is not a unique ability but rather a set of capacities of a system put in place to absorb a disturbance and to reorganize while trying to retain the same function, structure, and identity. This study describes the characteristics and the molecular mechanisms of resilience to understand the core elements of resilience and its indicators.
  • 845
  • 08 Jan 2021
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