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Topic Review
AMER1 Gene
APC membrane recruitment protein 1
  • 466
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
American Black Bear
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) stands as an iconic and widely distributed bear species native to North America. Known for its adaptable nature and diverse habitats, this bear species exhibits a range of coat colors, including black, brown, cinnamon, and even blonde. With a complex social structure and omnivorous diet, the American black bear plays a vital ecological role in the diverse ecosystems it inhabits.
  • 252
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
American Foulbrood
American foulbrood (AFB) is exclusively an infectious disease of honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera) and their subspecies that is spread easily and rapidly and is often present in apiaries. Due to the resistance and pathogenicity of the bacterial causative agent of the disease, which has considerable epizootiological and economic significance for beekeeping, AFB was classified as a highly dangerous, infectious animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Considering the severity of the infection, a frequent occurrence, rapid and easy spread, epizooty and enzooty are common. 
  • 455
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
American Marten
The American Marten (Martes americana), a charismatic and agile member of the mustelid family, is native to the forests of North America. Renowned for its sleek fur, arboreal prowess, and elusive nature, the American Marten plays a significant ecological role in the diverse ecosystems it inhabits.
  • 254
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
American Sparrow
American sparrows are a group of mainly New World passerine birds, forming the family Passerellidae. American sparrows are seed-eating birds with conical bills, brown or gray in color, and many species have distinctive head patterns. Although they share the name sparrow, American sparrows are more closely related to Old World buntings than they are to the Old World sparrows (family Passeridae). American sparrows are also similar in both appearance and habit to finches, with which they sometimes used to be classified.
  • 404
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
AMF and Camellia Plants
Camellia is a genus of evergreen shrubs or trees, such as C. japonica, C. sinensis, C. oleifera, etc. A group of beneficial soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), inhabit the rhizosphere of these Camellia spp. A total of eight genera of Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Pacispora, Scutellospora, and Sclerocystis were found to be associated with Camellia plants with Glomus and/or Acaulospora being most abundant. These mycorrhizal fungi can colonize the roots of Camellia spp. and thus form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts. AMF is an important partner of Camellia spp. in the field of physiological activities. Studies indicated that AMF inoculation has been shown to promote plant growth, improve nutrient acquisition and nutritional quality, and increase resistance to drought, salinity and heavy metal contamination in potted Camellia.
  • 908
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Amino Acid Catabolism
Amino acids have been extensively studied in nutrition, mainly as key elements for maintaining optimal protein synthesis in the body as well as precursors of various nitrogen-containing compounds. However, it is now known that amino acid catabolism is an important element for the metabolic control of different biological processes, although it is still a developing field to have a deeper understanding of its biological implications. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of amino acid catabolism now include the contribution of the gut microbiota to amino acid oxidation and metabolite generation in the intestine, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional control, and the participation of specific miRNAs involved in the regulation of amino acid degrading enzymes. In addition, molecules derived from amino acid catabolism play a role in metabolism as they are used in the epigenetic regulation of many genes.
  • 2.4K
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Amino Acid Metabolism in SARS-CoV2-Infected Patients
The immune response to infectious diseases is directly influenced by metabolic activities. COVID-19 is a disease that affects the entire body and can significantly impact cellular metabolism. The most significant groups of metabolites include amino acids, which act as precursors for various major cellular components, such as proteins and nucleobases. Among the amino acids that make up proteins, nine cannot be synthesized from other compounds and must be obtained from food; these are also essential amino acids. The human body can use amino acids ingested from food to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules, but they can also be oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide to produce energy through oxidative pathways. Their involvement in synthesizing proteins and metabolic regulators makes them an excellent marker for diseases. Their chemical properties and compositions not only affect the structure and function of proteins, but also control the metabolic pathways associated with illness. Furthermore, amino acids ensure the immune response against diseases by being used in the activation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages; in the cellular redox status, gene expression, and lymphocyte proliferation; and in the production of antibodies, cytokines, lymphokines, and cytotoxic substances.
  • 131
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Amino Acid Transporters
The conventional function of amino acid transporters in mammalian cells is in the maintenance of amino acid homeostasis. Every cell has a need for amino acids from extracellular sources, particularly for the essential amino acids that mammalian cells are not able to synthesize. This need cannot be met without the participation of specific transporters in the plasma membrane because of the hydrophilic nature of these amino acids, a feature that prevents their simple diffusion across the hydrophobic lipid bilayer. 
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Amino Acid Transporters and Stress Responses in Plants
Plants can absorb inorganic and organic nitrogen from the environment via the root system. In soil, inorganic nitrogen is usually found in the forms of nitrate and ammonium, while organic nitrogen usually exists in the forms of free amino acids, urea, and short peptides. The uptake of nitrogen-containing molecules by plants is mediated by the respective transporters of these molecules, especially amino acid transporters, which have been known to play a major role in distributing nitrogen throughout the whole plant. Amino acid accumulation and signaling have been suggested to play important roles in stress responses.
  • 499
  • 17 Mar 2022
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