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Topic Review
Papaya Flavour Profiling
A major challenge to the papaya industry is inconsistency in fruit quality and, in particular, flavour, which is a complex trait that comprises taste perception in the mouth (sweetness, acidity, or bitterness) and aroma produced by several volatile compounds. Current commercial varieties vary greatly in their taste, likely due to historical prioritised selection for fruit appearance as well as large environmental effects. Therefore, it is important to better understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms and biosynthesis pathways underpinning preferable flavour in order to select and breed for better tasting new commercial papaya varieties. As an initial step, objectively measurable standards of the compound profiles that provide papaya’s taste and aroma, together with ‘mouth feel’, are required. This review presents an overview of the approaches to characterise the flavour profiles of papaya through sugar component determination, volatile compound detection, sensory panel testing, as well as genomics-based studies to identify the papaya flavour. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas9 System
CRISPR/Cas9 is an endonuclease of DNA that splits the invading phage DNA into pieces and then incorporates it into the CRISPR set as a spacer. It was implemented efficiently in plants in 2013, and in five original research articles, the CRISPR/Cas9 scheme in rice was efficiently recorded.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Fusarium graminearum Pigments and Compounds
Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae) is a pathogen of maize, wheat, rice, and barley responsible for the disease known as Fusarium head blight (FHB) and mycotoxin contamination. Several studies have explored in depth the biochemistry and genetics of the pigments present in Fusarium graminearum. Still, there is a need to discuss their relationship with the mold’s observable surface color pattern variation throughout its lifecycle. 
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Carotenoids from Fungi and Yeasts
Carotenoids are an essential group of compounds that may be obtained by microbiological synthesis. They are instrumental in various areas of industry, medicine, agriculture, and ecology.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Soybean Tocopherols
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. The inclination of tocopherol concentrations with various MGs provided further evidence of the significance of MG in soybean breeding for seed tocopherol components. Furthermore, the correlation between the seed tocopherol components and geographical factors revealed that α-, γ-, and total tocopherols had significant positive correlations with latitude, while δ-tocopherol showed an opposite trend. The elite accessions with high and stable tocopherol concentrations determined could be used to develop functional foods, industrial materials, and breeding lines to improve tocopherol composition in soybean seeds.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Heavy Metals in Soil Ecosystem
Soil is a compound mixture and a non-renewable natural resource, as it can only be restored on a geological timescale. It can be easily defined as the loose inorganic or organic matter of the surface that assists as a natural habitat for terrestrial plants. Heavy metals are very hazardous to the environment and living things.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Wolffia Sp. For Space BLSS.
Plants in the genus Wolffia have a cosmopolitan distribution, populating the lentic ecosystems in almost all the continents except the Antarctic and Arctic regions. Wolffia is a genus of plants with 11 species and including both the fastest-growing angiospermand the smallest flowering plants(a). As is the case for other species in the family, plants in the genus Wolffia consist of a single physical unit termed frond, or thallus, and interpreted as a leaf and stem in an embryonic stage of development.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
GRKs
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) play an important role in the regulation of signaling of GPCRs that bind neurotransmitters. The canonical model of GPCR desensitization posits that GRKs phosphorylate ligand-activated GPCRs, and this phosphorylation prepares receptors for the high-affinity binding of arrestin proteins. Arrestin binding prevents further G protein coupling, promotes receptor internalization, and initiates and/or facilitates specific branches of signaling. Existing data suggest that the role of GPCR phosphorylation by GRKs is distinct in different receptors. The relationship between G protein- and arrestin-mediated signaling on the one hand, and therapeutic and side effects of drugs on the other, is more complex than is widely believed. Also, the relationship between rapid (minutes to hours) GRK/arrestin-mediated regulation and long-term (days to weeks) neural plasticity remains to be elucidated. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Agriculture and Pollinator Biodiversity
Pollinator biodiversity is greatly affected by industrialized agriculture practices. Agroecological alternatives for food production must be implemented. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Vermicomposting on Greenhouse Gas Emission
The implementation of cutting-edge agricultural practices provides tools and techniques to drive climate-smart agriculture, reduce carbon emissions, and lower the carbon footprint. The alteration of climate conditions due to human activities poses a serious threat to the global agricultural systems. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from organic waste management need urgent attention to optimize conventional composting strategies for organic wastes.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Sep 2022
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