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Topic Review
Xenoestrogens and Phytoestrogens in Cancers
According to Global Cancer Statistics 2020, the burden of cancer incidence and mortality is rapidly growing worldwide. The epidemiological features of cancer reflect both the aging and growth of the population and the changes in the prevalence and distribution of the main cancer risk factors, several of which are particularly associated with the environment. Exogenous estrogens, such as synthetic industrial estrogenic compounds (xenoestrogens) and estrogenic molecules from plants (phytoestrogens), are environmental factors that potentially cause various cancers through their interactions with cellular signaling processes involving estrogen signaling pathways.
  • 449
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Xenobiotic Pollution and Its Impact on the Environment
In the industrial revolution and urbanization era, the global environment’s poisoning by a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a major environmental threat worldwide. Xenobiotic contaminants such as azodyes, phenolics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), halogenated compounds, personal care products (PCPs), pharmaceuticals’ active compounds (PhACs), pesticides, nitroaromatic compounds, triazines, and chlorinated compounds adversely affect the environment by their long-term persistence and slow or no biodegradation in the ecosystems. Xenobiotic pollution of the environment is a global concern caused by anthropogenic activities such as urbanization and population expansion. The enormous amounts of harmful compounds released into the environment result in widespread ecosystem contamination. Prominent substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metal ions, pesticides, fertilizers, and oil derivatives are found in soil, sediment, and water. 
  • 4.9K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
XDH Gene
Xanthine dehydrogenase
  • 474
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Xanthomonas campestris
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a Gram-negative, aerobic, vascular, and motile bacterium with a single flagellum, which causes the disease identified as black rot in Brassica crops.
  • 978
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Xanthohumol Is a Potent Pan-Inhibitor of Coronaviruses
Coronaviruses cause diseases in humans and livestock. The SARS-CoV-2 is infecting millions of human beings, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main protease (Mpro) of coronavirus plays a pivotal role in viral replication and transcription, which, in theory, is an attractive drug target for antiviral drug development. It has been extensively discussed whether Xanthohumol is able to help COVID-19 patients. Here, researchers report that Xanthohumol, a small molecule in clinical trials from hops (Humulus lupulus), was a potent pan-inhibitor for various coronaviruses by targeting Mpro, for example, betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 value of 1.53 μM), and alphacoronavirus PEDV (IC50 value of 7.51 μM). Xanthohumol inhibited Mpro activities in the enzymatical assays, while pretreatment with Xanthohumol restricted the SARS-CoV-2 and PEDV replication in Vero-E6 cells. Therefore, Xanthohumol is a potent pan-inhibitor of coronaviruses and an excellent lead compound for further drug development.
  • 485
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activities
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. XOR is widely distributed throughout living organisms and is highly conserved in prokaryotic, plant, and animal species. XOR activity is very versatile, generating both pro-oxidant (primarily within the cell) and anti-oxidant (primarily in plasma) products.
  • 3.2K
  • 21 Sep 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Thrombocytopenia
X-linked thrombocytopenia is a bleeding disorder that primarily affects males.
  • 659
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda
X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda is a condition that impairs bone growth and occurs almost exclusively in males.
  • 458
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Sideroblastic Anemia and Ataxia
X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia is a rare condition characterized by a blood disorder called sideroblastic anemia and movement problems known as ataxia. This condition occurs only in males.  
  • 532
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Sideroblastic Anemia
X-linked sideroblastic anemia is an inherited disorder that prevents developing red blood cells (erythroblasts) from making enough hemoglobin, which is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood.
  • 649
  • 24 Dec 2020
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