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Topic Review
Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Litophyton
Marine soft corals are prolific sources of various natural products that have served as a wealthy reservoir of diverse chemical scaffolds with potential as new drug leads. The genus Litophyton contains almost 100 species but only a small proportion of them has been chemically investigated, which calls for more attentions from global researchers.
  • 136
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Seagrass Posidonia oceanica，Human Health
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a marine plant endemic to the Mediterranean, traditionally used in some medical applications. However, the potential benefits of P. oceanica for human health have only recently been documented. New knowledge gained on the bioactive properties of P. oceanica allow the scientific community to look at this marine plant as a promising source of natural therapeutic products for human health.Experimental investigations conducted in both in vitro cellular models and in vivo animal models pave the way for new research projects that aim to develop alternative and complementary therapeutic strategies based on P. oceanica against a wide range of pathological conditions.
  • 831
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Seagrass
ٍSeagrass is a type of aquatic plants that grow in a wide variety of marine habitats. Seagrasses are specifically adapted to thrive in shallow and transparent seawater environments to access ample sunlight for their photosynthetic processes. This unique botanical group plays a crucial ecological role in coastal ecosystems and is distinguishable from macroalgae due to its vascular plant characteristics and its capacity to form underwater meadows in coastal waters.
  • 212
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
RgIA
Conus regius is a marine venomous mollusk of the Conus genus that captures its prey by injecting a rich cocktail of bioactive disulfide bond rich peptides called conotoxins. These peptides selectively target a broad range of ion channels, membrane receptors, transporters, and enzymes, making them valuable pharmacological tools and potential drug leads. α-RgIA (or RgIA) is the most documented α-conotoxin described in C. regius. RgIA was identified using a PCR-based discovery method, which later allowed its synthesis using standard Fmoc chemistry. This peptide is characterized by the cysteine framework I (CC-C-C) and displays a globular disulfide connectivity. The α9α10 nAChR subtype, which is critical for mediating synaptic transmission from the medial olivocochlear to the cochlear hair cells, has also been implicated in a series of pathological conditions, including neuropathic pain, tumor proliferation, and immune-mediated disorders. Considering the high affinity of RgIA towards this receptor subtype, its discovery led to the possibility of studying the role of α9α10 nAChRs in several diseases.
  • 534
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Red King Crab Larvae in the Barents Sea
The red king crab (RKC) is a large invasive species inhabiting bottom communities in the Barents Sea. Larval stages of RKC play an important role in determining the spread and recruitment of the population in the coastal waters. Here researchers describe morphological aspects, distribution patterns, and abunance of RKC larvae in the coastal Barents Sea.
  • 610
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Proteomic Applications in Aquatic Environment Studies
Genome determines the unique individualities of organisms; however, proteins play significant roles in the generation of the colorful life forms below water. Aquatic systems are usually complex and multifaceted and can take on unique modifications and adaptations to environmental changes by altering proteins at the cellular level. Proteomics is an essential strategy for exploring aquatic ecosystems due to the diverse involvement of proteins, proteoforms, and their complexity in basic and advanced cellular functions. Proteomics can expedite the analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes in an aquatic environment. Previous proteomic studies on aquatic environments have mainly focused on pollution assessments, ecotoxicology, their role in the food industry, and extraction and identification of natural products. Aquatic protein biomarkers have been comprehensively reported and are currently extensively applied in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. Cellular- and molecular-level responses of organisms can be used as indicators of environmental changes and stresses. Conversely, environmental changes are expedient in predicting aquatic health and productivity, which are crucial for ecosystem management and conservation. Advances in proteomics have contributed to the development of sustainable aquaculture, seafood safety, and high aquatic food production. Proteomic approaches have expanded to other aspects of the aquatic environment, such as protein fingerprinting for species identification.
  • 447
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Production of Bioactive Compounds and Bioethanol using Macroalgae
To achieve sustainable development, alternative resources should replace conventional resources such as fossil fuels. In marine ecosystems, many macroalgae grow faster than terrestrial plants. Macroalgae are roughly classified as green, red, or brown algae based on their photosynthetic pigments. Brown algae are considered to be a source of physiologically active substances such as polyphenols. Furthermore, some macroalgae can capture approximately 10 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than terrestrial plants. Therefore, they have immense potential for use in the environment. Macroalgae have emerged as a biomass feedstock for bioethanol production owing to their low lignin content and applicability to biorefinery processes.
  • 369
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Predatory and Defensive Strategies in Cone Snails
Cone snails are specialized carnivorous marine mollusks that can be found in coral reef areas, from shallow intertidal to deeper waters, and spread across the tropical Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. They are classified as gastropods within the Conidae family, which feature hollow radular teeth and venom glands. They use a complex venom mixture to paralyze and hunt fish, mollusks, and worms.
  • 68
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Population Genomics of Megalobrama
Megalobrama is the economically most important freshwater fish genus in China. Germplasm resources of Megalobrama have been depleting as a result of environmental degradation and artificial factors. By using population genomics, the genetic information of species diversity can be established with the advent of high-throughput sequencing. Researchers established the whole genome database of Megalobrama populations using the whole genome re-sequencing technology, explored population genetic structure, and inferred comprehensive evolutionary relationships using principal component analysis and population structure analysis. 
  • 405
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Phycoerythrin from Blue-Green Algae
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a colored, water-soluble pigment–protein complex from the phycobiliprotein (PBP) family and is predominantly found in rhodophytes, cryptophytes, and cyanobacteria. It is a 240 kDa oligomeric chromoprotein with an intense pink/red color. This PBP is a light-harvesting accessory pigment that absorbs wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot. In terms of energy transfer, PE is the first PBP to absorb light and emits energy to phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC), consecutively. PE is characterized by its original spectrum properties, such as fluorescence emission. On the other hand, previous PBP research was focused on PC, and the scientific community realized that PE is endowed with antioxidant potential due to its ability to scavenge free radicals. This allows them to prevent or delay the onset of potentially fatal diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, and hepatotoxicity. The potent antioxidant activity promotes human health and boosts the immune response against infections. These bioactive compounds also resist photooxidative damage, which would otherwise have an adverse impact on crucial cellular machineries, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA. In comparison to PC and APC, the unique fluorescent properties of PE have made it a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. 
  • 624
  • 12 Jan 2023
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