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Topic Review
Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) are procaryotes capable of carrying out photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy. These photosynthetic bacteria can either grow in the presence or absence of oxygen (aerobic and anaerobic conditions) and can either use organic or inorganic substances as an electron donor to fix the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The purple non-sulfur bacteria belong to the anoxygenic group of PSB, and their major groups include Rhodopseudomonas spp. and Rhodobacter spp. They are naturally present in wastewater ponds, lagoons, lakes, sediments, wetland ecosystems, moist soils, hypersaline systems, and marine ecosystems. They possess versatile metabolic pathways and, therefore, are widely used in the livestock and fisheries industries , in bioremedial methods for heavy metals and sewage, and in biofuel production (electricity or photohydrogen). Studies have also shown that purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) help boost soil fertility when applied directly to the soil, whereas PNSB applied to plants help improve crop growth and yield.
  • 2.0K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Granular Organic Fertilizers
Granular organic fertilizers' production has recently become more popular, with the main aim of converting high-moisture organic matter, such as manure, manure mixtures, meat and bone waste or other organic matter, into pellets that are convenient to spread in the field. The pellets are usually produced with the diameter of 4 or 6 mm so that they can be easily spread with mineral or organic fertilizer spreaders. Once in the soil, organic fertilizer pellets become wet, decompose and release nutrients.
  • 1.9K
  • 11 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Dual-Purpose Crops
Competition over land between food and fodder production, along with recurrent droughts and increasing population, has put mixed crop–livestock farming systems in the drylands of sub-Saharan Africa under pressure. Dual-purpose crops hold huge potential to ease this pressure and simultaneously improve food and fodder availability in these systems.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Cherry Silverberry
The cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) is a lesser-known plant species with high nutritional and therapeutic potential. Cherry silverberry contains numerous biologically active compounds. The cherry silverberry is a shrub growing up to 3 m. Its drupe-like fruit is ellipsoidal, up to 1 cm long, and set on stems. It is red in color, juicy, and sour, and its taste resembles that of red currants.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Lighting Strategy in Plant Factory with Artificial Light
A plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) is defined as an advanced agricultural production system with a precisely controlled environment, playing an important role in vertical farming and urban food supply. Artificial light is one of the core technologies in PFALs and accounts for a large part of energy consumption; elevating the light utilization efficiency of plants is vital for the sustainable development of PFALs. Meanwhile, the enclosed structure of the plant factory resulted in the independence of its light environment, indicating that the light environment in PFALs can be custom-made. Lighting strategy is an attempt to reprogram the light environmental parameters in unconventional ways, resulting in innovative lighting modes for energy-saving, high-yield, and high-quality production in PFALs. 
  • 1.4K
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Sweet Potatoes
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) are part of the largest food crops in many countries. It has good nutritional value because, in addition to containing vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and anthocyanins in varied contents, due to the existence of various colors of their pulps, they have starch as their major constituent. 
  • 1.4K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a natural process of changing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a simple soluble nontoxic form (NH4+ primarily) which is used by plant cell for synthesis of various biomolecules. Nitrogen fixation is one of the major sources of nitrogen for plants and a key step distributing this nutrient in the ecosystem. Optimization of BNF is critical to sustain both food production and environmental health. 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Organic Mineral Fertilizer
This entry discusses about Bio-Organic Mineral Fertilizer  for Sustainable Agriculture.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Insect Sex Pheromone
Insect pheromones are specific natural compounds that meet modern pest control requirements, i.e., species-specificity, lack of toxicity to mammals, environmentally benign, and a component for the Integrated Pest Management of agricultural pests. Mass trapping and mating disruption strategies using sex pheromones have significantly reduced the use of conventional insecticides, thereby providing sustainable and ecofriendly pest management in agricultural crops. 
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Antifungal/Antibacterial Activity of Peppermint Oil and Cornmint Oil
The genus mint (Mentha) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and includes 42 species, 15 hybrids, and hundreds of subspecies, varieties, and cultivars, which potentially crossbreed when in proximity. Different mints are known for a reasonably high content of essential oils (EO), which are deposited in the glandular trichomes, mostly located on the adaxial surface of their leaves. There are two well-known, so-called menthol mints in cultivation: Mentha x piperita L. (Hudson): peppermint—MP, and Mentha arvensis L., (syn. M. canadensis L., Japanese mint): cornmint—MA.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Jun 2022
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