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Topic Review
Role of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Stress Mitigation
Plants, being sessile, have developed complex signaling and response mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stressors.  Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates (JAs), are of particular importance and are involved in diverse signal transduction pathways to regulate various physiological and molecular processes in plants, thus protecting plants from the lethal impacts of abiotic and biotic stressors. Jasmonic acid has emerged as a central player in plant defense against biotic stress and in alleviating multiple abiotic stressors in plants, such as drought, salinity, vernalization, and heavy metal exposure.
  • 138
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Influencing Factors on Root Exudate-Rhizobacteria Interactions
The rhizosphere, the narrow zone of soil influenced by the plant root system, is a dynamic environment where complex interplay between plants and soil microbes occurs, and it may contain up to 1011 cells/g of root, with more than 30,000 bacterial species. There are various signals in the rhizosphere, including QS signals among microorganisms and root exudate signals from plants to microorganisms.
  • 77
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Agroecological Nutrient Management Strategy
Rice self-sufficiency is central to Indonesia’s agricultural development, but the country is increasingly challenged by population growth, climate change, and arable land scarcity. Agroecological nutrient management offers solutions though optimized fertilization, enhanced organic matter and biofertilizer utilizations, and improved farming systems and water management.
  • 243
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nematicidal Activity of Essential Oils and Root-Knot Nematodes
The Meloidogyne genus is widely recognized for its significant economic and scientific importance within the group of plant-parasitic nematodes. The chemical management of nematodes presents its challenges and heavily depends on employing soil fumigants containing toxic and costly nematicides. However, plant-derived essential oils offer promising alternatives, demonstrating a wide range of biological activities that affect nematodes through a range of mechanisms, including disrupting their nervous systems, inducing detrimental effects on plasma membrane permeability, penetrating the gelatinous matrix of nematode eggs, and disturbing intracellular redox status. Most of the extracted essential oils were predominantly sourced from the Lamiaceae family (32%), followed by Asteraceae (11%), Apiaceae (9%), and Poaceae (8%), and with genera Thymus, Mentha, Ocimum, Artemisia, Cymbopogon being the most common. The nematicidal activity of EOs primarily arises from their chemical groups, such as terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and organosulfur compounds. 
  • 211
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biochar Impacts
Around the world, biochar, a multipurpose carbonaceous material, is being used to concurrently solve issues with enhancing soil fertility, plant growth, and development under both normal and stressful circumstances. It improves water retention, fosters nutrient absorption, and promotes microbial activity, creating a fertile environment that supports sustainable and resilient agriculture. Additionally, biochar acts as a carbon sink, contributing to long-term carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change impacts. The application of biochar is one of the sustainable approaches to improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, and the quality of produce and crops yield. Furthermore, biochar has proven to be efficient in different applications, particularly soil amendment for crop production and the removal of pollutants from the contaminated water and soil environments.
  • 172
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Green Onion: Food, Nutritional and Therapeutic Significance
Nutrients are essential for the survival and proper functioning of all living organisms. These chemical compounds, mainly vitamins and minerals, serve as the building blocks and catalysts for various physiological processes within the body. To ensure that the body receives an adequate supply of these nutrients, maintaining a well-balanced diet is crucial. Balanced diets, encompassing a range of food groups, offer a unique set of nutrients necessary for optimal health and bodily function. Green onions are an important source of many essential nutrients, offering a rich array of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, carbohydrates and phytochemicals in various culinary dishes. Whereas macronutrients, encompassing proteins, carbohydrates and fats, represent the foremost sources of energy in the human body and are involved in various metabolism processes, micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) play critical cellular functions, serving as important antioxidants and participating in diverse enzymatic reactions. These nutrients contribute to the overall well-being of individuals, aiding in the maintenance of proper bodily functions and the prevention of nutritional deficiencies.
  • 157
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Microorganisms Improve Barley Salt Tolerance
As the global human population continues to increase, the use of saline–alkali land for food production is an important consideration for food security. In addition to breeding or cultivating salt-tolerant crop varieties, microorganisms are increasingly being evaluated for their ability to improve plant salt tolerance. Barley is one of the most important and salt-tolerant cereal crops and is a model system for investigating the roles of microorganisms in improving plant salt tolerance. 
  • 81
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are a diverse group of microorganisms that can enhance plant growth and nutrition, improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution, and reduce the growth of certain pathogens.
  • 152
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Drought and Temperature Stress Induced Flowering
Plants experience a variety of adverse environments during their vegetative growth and reproductive development, and to ensure that they complete their life cycle successfully, they have evolved specific defense mechanisms to cope with unfavorable environments. Flowering is a vital developmental stage and an important determinant of productivity in the lifetime of plants, which can be vulnerable to multiple abiotic stresses. Exposure to stress during this period can have dramatic effects on flower physiological and morphological development, which may ultimately lead to a substantial loss of yield in seed-producing plants. However, there has been increasing research evidence that diverse abiotic stresses, ranging from drought, low temperature, and heat stress can promote or delay plant flowering.
  • 255
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Flash Flood and Cold Injury of Bangladesh Rice
Rice cultivation in the low-lying basin-like wetlands, known as the Haor, is often affected by early flash floods during the first two weeks of April. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rainfall and water surging downstream from the Meghalaya hills in India. This flash flood poses a significant threat to rice production, risking the country’s food security. Dry winter (Boro) rice is the primary food source throughout the year in the Haor region. Flash floods are the most catastrophic, affecting about 80% or even the entire rice yield. In 2017, a loss of 0.88 million metric tons of Boro rice in Haor regions cost the nation USD 450 million.
  • 117
  • 21 Dec 2023
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