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Topic Review
Buccal Bone Thickness in Anterior and Posterior Teeth
The Buccal Bone Thickness (BBT) of maxillary premolar teeth was 1.40 ± 0.75 mm in the region of the alveolar crest, 1.28 ± 0.80 mm at the medial area of the radix, and 1.84 ± 1.16 mm at the apex. Maxillary molar teeth showed a BBT of 1.42 ± 0.74 at the alveolar crest, 1.56 ± 1.05 in the middle part, and 2.78 ± 2.04 mm at the apex. In the mandible, the value distributions were: 0.95 ± 0.58 mm between the crestal part of the root and the surface of the buccal bone, 0.92 ± 0.66 mm at 4 to 9 mm apically to the alveolar crest, and 2.90 ± 1.58 mm at the apex of the radix.
  • 610
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Brain and Oral Microbiota
There is an oral microbiota of the mouth, a microbiota of the skin that has many subcategories (e.g., the armpits, nose, feet), and gut microbiota, among many others. Disruptions to these different microbiomes are increasingly becoming associated with numerous inflammatory, immune, and nervous system-related diseases by a communication pathway called the microbiome–brain axis.
  • 472
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Bisphosphonates and Their Influence on the Implant Failure
The use of bisphosphonate (BP) may impair the osseointegration. It is a class of drugs that are frequently selected when there is an alteration in the bone metabolism, which are utilized to prevent bone loss. It can be administered orally (e.g., daily, weekly, or monthly) for treatment of osteoporosis and Paget’s disease, or intravenously (every 3 months or annually) to treat malignant skeletal oncological diseases.
  • 374
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Implant Surfaces
The increased use of dental implants in oral rehabilitation has been followed by the development of new biomaterials as well as improvements in the performance of biomaterials already in use inspired by the properties of the tissues to be replaced. An implant is considered osseointegrated when there is no relative movement between the implant and the bone and no symptoms under a loading force. It is now known that surface topography is one of the key biomimetic factors that can directly affect the proliferation, structure, and alignment of human cells and their function and is also considered to be a critical determinant of cell adhesion.
  • 624
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic 3D Scaffolds to Reproduce Periodontal Ligament Microenvironment
The periodontium is a complex system composed of gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone, featuring a hierarchically compartmentalized architecture. The homeostasis of this system is maintained by the PDL, a specialized connective tissue, which is located between the cementum and alveolar bone and articulates (gomphosis) the teeth to the jaws. Embryologically, PDL derives from the dental follicle cells under the guidance of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS), which secrete numerous epithelium-derived factors before obliterating almost completely.
  • 633
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomechanical Aspects at Dental Implant-Abutment Interfaces
The interface between a dental implant and an abutment is stabilized by two mechanical characteristics: a preload of an abutment screw and the friction between the contact surfaces of the implant and the abutment. These mechanical properties are quantitatively analyzed by using physical and mechanical formulas. The important thing is that such mechanical properties cause various biological phenomena when medical devices are inserted into human bodies. Some mechanical complications in dental implant prostheses are closely associated with biological complications.
  • 498
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers from Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid
Some inflammatory biomarkers harvested from peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) (collagenase-2, collagenase-3, ALP, EA, gelatinase b, NTx, procalcitonin, IL-1β, and several miRNAs) seem to be correlated with peri-implant bone loss (BL) and may assist in the early diagnosis of pathological BL, that characterizes peri-implantitis. MiRNA expression demonstrated a predictive potential of peri-implant BL that could be useful for host-targeted preventive and therapeutic purposes. PICF sampling may represent a promising, noninvasive, and repeatable form of liquid biopsy in implant dentistry.
  • 313
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Periodontitis
Over 65 components detected in oral fluid have been examined as possible markers for the progression of periodontitis.
  • 573
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Bioactive Glasses in Periodontal Regeneration
Bioactive glasses (BGs) were discovered by Larry L. Hench in 1969; the original composition, named Bioglass® 45S5 (45S5 from here on), displayed outstanding properties such as bone regeneration capabilities and antibacterial activity. In fact, such BG is an amorphous and biocompatible silica oxide-based inorganic material able to induce surface property responses resulting in the formation of a bond between the bone and the glass itself. In general, the surface of BGs, when soaked in physiological fluids, undergoes a complex ion exchange mechanism with the medium, inducing the formation of precipitates and subsequently hydroxyapatite deposition. This mechanism could explain the effectiveness of these BGs to bind to bones and the wide number of studies on BGs as supporting materials for bone tissue engineering and tooth remineralization.
  • 732
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Barrier Membranes in Regenerative Procedures
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) became common procedures in the corrective phase of periodontal treatment. In order to obtain good quality tissue neo-formation, most techniques require the use of a membrane that will act as a barrier, having as a main purpose the blocking of cell invasion from the gingival epithelium and connective tissue into the newly formed bone structure. Different techniques and materials have been developed, aiming to obtain the perfect barrier membrane. The membranes can be divided according to the biodegradability of the base material into absorbable membranes and non-absorbable membranes. The use of absorbable membranes is extremely widespread due to their advantages, but in clinical situations of significant tissue loss, the use of non-absorbable membranes is often still preferred.
  • 768
  • 28 Jan 2022
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