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Topic Review
Development of Resin Infiltration
The resin infiltration (RI) technique was introduced as one of the minimal intervention dentistry strategies in addressing dental caries among the paediatric population. This technique used the low-viscosity resin monomer to infiltrate the non-cavitated carious lesion and other developmental enamel porosities, thus allowing the conservation of the tooth structure.
  • 514
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a clinically standard modality for the treatment of localized jawbone defects. Barrier membranes play an important role in this process by preventing soft tissue invasion outgoing from the mucosa and creating an underlying space to support bone growth. Different membrane types provide different biological mechanisms due to their different origins, preparation methods and structures. Among them, collagen membranes have attracted great interest due to their excellent biological properties and desired bone regeneration results to non-absorbable membranes even without a second surgery for removal.
  • 457
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Facial Scanners in Dentistry
Facial scanning accuracy has proven to be clinically acceptable for use in dental applications. Accuracy is measured by comparing the scan to a control model and measuring the deviations between the two. Scanners with deviation values less than 2 mm are considered acceptable. Deviation values for facial scanners range between 140 and 1330 μm. Reported accuracy for most facial scanners was approximately 500 μm, which is within the limits for clinical acceptability. 
  • 1.7K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
In Vivo Ectopic/Semiorthotopic Models for Dental Pulp Regeneration
Efforts to heal damaged pulp tissue through tissue engineering have produced positive results in pilot trials. However, the differentiation between real regeneration and mere repair is not possible through clinical measures. Therefore, preclinical study models are still of great importance, both to gain insights into treatment outcomes on tissue and cell levels and to develop further concepts for dental pulp regeneration.
  • 413
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic 3D Scaffolds to Reproduce Periodontal Ligament Microenvironment
The periodontium is a complex system composed of gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone, featuring a hierarchically compartmentalized architecture. The homeostasis of this system is maintained by the PDL, a specialized connective tissue, which is located between the cementum and alveolar bone and articulates (gomphosis) the teeth to the jaws. Embryologically, PDL derives from the dental follicle cells under the guidance of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS), which secrete numerous epithelium-derived factors before obliterating almost completely.
  • 632
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Melatonin and Periodontitis-Related Systemic Diseases
Periodontitis has become the main reason for tooth loss/edentulism in adults worldwide. It is also linked closely with other systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer, thus profoundly impairing people’s quality of life. As the most common chronic inflammatory disease of humans, periodontitis has brought about huge socioeconomic impacts and healthcare costs. Periodontitis as a highly prevalent chronic infection/inflammatory disease can eventually lead to tooth loss and masticatory dysfunction. It also has a negative impact on general health and largely impairs quality of life. The tissue destruction during periodontitis is mainly caused by the excessive immune–inflammatory response; hence, how to modulate the host’s reaction is of profound importance for effective periodontal treatment and tissue protection. Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone exhibiting multiple biological functions such as circadian rhythm regulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation, has been widely used in general healthcare. The application of melatonin as an adjunctive approach in the treatment of periodontitis and periodontitis-related systemic comorbidities is witnessed. 
  • 364
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Oral Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis Equivalent
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is crucial in regulating thyroid hormone levels that contribute to the development and homeostasis of the human body. Studies supports the presence of a local HPT axis equivalent within keratinocytes, with thyroid hormones playing a potential role in cancer progression. 
  • 423
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gastrodin for Osteoporosis Treatment
Gastrodin, a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, is widely used to treat vascular and neurological diseases. However, recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that gastrodin has anti-osteoporosis effects, and its mechanisms of action include its antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect. In addition, gastrodin has many unique advantages in promoting bone healing in tissue engineering, such as inducing high hydrophilicity in the material surface, its anti-inflammatory effect, and pro-vascular regeneration.  Gastrodin promotes the viability and osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, preosteoblasts, and periodontal stem cells, and inhibits osteoclast differentiation, thereby improving bone formation and reducing bone loss.
  • 514
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Oral Management of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common genetic form of rickets and osteomalacia and is characterized by growth retardation, deformities of the lower limbs, and bone and muscular pain. Spontaneous dental abscesses caused by endodontic infections due to dentin dysplasia are well-known dental manifestations. When dentin affected by microcracks or attrition of the enamel is exposed to oral fluids, oral bacteria are able to invade the hypomineralized dentin and pulp space, leading to pulp necrosis, followed by the formation of a periapical gingival abscess. 
  • 477
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Classification of the Luting Materials
A dental luting material aids in the retention and stability of indirect restorations on the prepared tooth structure. The luting materials can generally be classified by their chemical compositions, bonding mechanisms or clinical indications.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Nov 2022
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