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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Exploiting Pharma 4.0 Tools in Non-Biological Complex Drugs
The pharmaceutical industry has entered an era of transformation with the emergence of Pharma 4.0, which leverages cutting-edge technologies in manufacturing processes. These hold tremendous potential for enhancing the overall efficiency, safety, and quality of non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs), a category of pharmaceutical products that pose unique challenges due to their intricate composition and complex manufacturing requirements.
  • 153
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Thymoma Classification
Thymomas are considered one of the most prevalent types of mediastinal epithelial tumors, which frequently develop in the anterior mediastinum.
  • 164
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Biomolecules in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a protein belonging to the VEGF family, which is a large group of molecules consisting of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, and placental growth factor (PlGF). VEGF is a subfamily of growth factors (GF). VEGF is a multitasking protein that mediates both vasculogenesis (the process of blood vessel formation from endothelial progenitor cells in embryos and adults during tumor growth) and angiogenesis (the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing vessels formed during vasculogenesis, consisting of sprouting and splitting).
  • 154
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
PPAR-γ (NR1C3) in the Skin and Immune System
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by the accumulation of red, scaly plaques on the skin. PPAR-γ (NR1C3) is one of three known isotypes of PPAR receptors. Two other isotypes, namely PPAR-α (NR1C1) and -β/δ (NR1C2), are highly homologous to PPAR-γ. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier.
  • 170
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Steroidal Saponins
Cancer is a global health burden responsible for an exponentially growing number of incidences and mortalities, regardless of the significant advances in its treatment. The identification of the hallmarks of cancer is a major milestone in understanding the mechanisms that drive cancer initiation, development, and progression. The hallmarks of cancer have been targeted to effectively treat various types of cancers. These conventional cancer drugs have shown significant therapeutic efficacy but continue to impose unfavorable side effects on patients. Naturally derived compounds are being tested in the search for alternative anti-cancer drugs. Steroidal saponins are a group of naturally occurring compounds that primarily exist as secondary metabolites in plant species. Studies have suggested that steroidal saponins possess significant anti-cancer capabilities. 
  • 216
  • 18 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Management of Vaginal Melanoma
Among the mucosal melanomas, vaginal melanomas are very rare tumors, accounting for less than 20% of melanomas arising from the female genital tract. They occur most frequently in women in post-menopausal age, but younger patients may also experience this neoplasm, mainly located in the lower third of the vagina or the anterior wall. The optimal management of this tumor remains controversial, with surgery reported as the most frequently adopted approach. However, a clear benefit of surgical treatment in terms of survival has not yet been demonstrated. Conversely, radiotherapy may represent an attractive non-invasive alternative, and there are several favorable reports of the role of radiation therapy, either delivered with photons, brachytherapy, or hadrontherapy. 
  • 213
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Knowledge of Autism
Definitions of autism have been deficit-focused and grounded in a medical perspective. 
  • 522
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Route of Administration in the Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system (MSKS) is composed of specialized connective tissues including bone, muscle, cartilage, tendon, ligament, and their subtypes. The primary function of the MSKS is to provide protection, structure, mobility, and mechanical properties to the body. In the process of fulfilling these functions, the MSKS is subject to wear and tear during aging and after injury and requires subsequent repair. MSKS diseases are a growing burden due to the increasing population age. 
  • 289
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plants Bioactive Compounds in Wound Healing
The skin, as the body’s largest and most exposed organ, can provide a readily accessible delivery route for therapeutic substances. Plants, as an important source of so-called “natural products” with an enormous variety and structural diversity that still exceeds the capacity of present-day sciences to define or even discover them, have been part of medicine since ancient times.
  • 270
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Smartphone-Based Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid
Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the World Health Organization for primary cervical cancer screening or triage of human papillomavirus-positive women living in low-resource settings. Nonetheless, traditional VIA with the naked-eye is associated with large variabilities in the detection of pre-cancer and with a lack of quality control. Digital-VIA (D-VIA), using high definition cameras, allows magnification and zooming on transformation zones and suspicious cervical regions, as well as simultaneously compare native and post-VIA images in real-time. The available results to date show that the quality of D-VIA images is satisfactory and enables CIN1/CIN2+ diagnosis, and that a smartphone is a promising tool for cervical cancer screening monitoring and for on- and off-site supervision, and training. The use of artificial intelligence algorithms could soon allow automated and accurate cervical lesion detection.
  • 169
  • 17 Jul 2023
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