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Topic Review
Photo-Fermentative Bacteria Used for Hydrogen Production
Photo-fermentation is an efficient hydrogen production pathway in which purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) play an active role and produce hydrogen as a part of their metabolism under optimal conditions. These bacteria work under the influence of light to advance their metabolism and use various substrates, such as simple sugars and volatile fatty acids, to produce hydrogen. 
  • 285
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability
The energy and environmental crises have been an ongoing challenge, which is related to the vital interests of people around the globe. How to solve this problem through sustainable development strategies is considered deeply by scientific researchers. Photocatalysis provides a powerful technique for fully utilizing solar in the field of energy conversion.
  • 601
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Desulfurization
Desulfurization of fuels such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene, and jet fuel has been a challenging operation and remains critical to the petrochemical industry. The main naturally occurring sulfur-containing organic compounds (SCCs) are sulfides, disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene (Th) and its derivatives (benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), 4-methylbenzothiophene (4-MBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), 3,7-dimethyldibenzothiophene (3,7-DMDBT), and 2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene (2,8-DMDBT)). The presence of these SCCs in fuels is undesirable since they create problems during refining, namely deactivation of some catalysts and corrosion of equipment. Moreover, sulfur compounds release toxic SOx and cause severe environmental problems: water and air pollution, global warming, ecological instability, as well as the harmful impact on living organisms. Many countries (USA, European Union, Japan, China and so on) have introduced strict standards to limit the content of sulfur in fuels to 10 ppm.
  • 607
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methane to Methanol
Methane is one of the promising alternatives to non-renewable petroleum resources since it can be transformed into added-value hydrocarbon feedstocks through suitable reactions. The conversion of methane to methanol with a higher chemical value has recently attracted much attention. The selective oxidation of methane to methanol is often considered a “holy grail” reaction in catalysis. However, methanol production through the thermal catalytic process is thermodynamically and economically unfavorable due to its high energy consumption, low catalyst stability, and complex reactor maintenance. Photocatalytic technology offers great potential to carry out unfavorable reactions under mild conditions. Many in-depth studies have been carried out on the photocatalytic conversion of methane to methanol. 
  • 661
  • 15 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Reactors Design
The photoreactors design and concepts vary based on the working regime (static or dynamic), photocatalyst morphology (powders or bulk) and volume.
  • 2.6K
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds
Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative bioactive products, for example, for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain.
  • 357
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Photocathode Materials
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising approach to sustainable hydrogen production with no carbon emissions. Hydrogen being a future fuel to coming human generations is of utmost importance. The photocathodes in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting cell are essential for the direct evolution of hydrogen. Among the known photocathodes, Cu-based p-type semiconducting materials are the most promising photo-absorber materials owing to their low-cost, low toxicity, natural abundance, suitable band-gaps, and favorable band edges for reduction. 
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Photoproducts of cis-Vaccenic Acid in Oceans
Several studies set out to explain the presence of high proportions of photooxidation products of cis-vaccenic acid (generally considered to be of bacterial origin) in marine environments.
  • 303
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Phum Snay
Phum Snay (Khmer: ភូមិ ស្នាយ) is an Iron Age archaeological site discovered in May 2000 in Preah Neat Prey District, Banteay Meanchey Province, Northwest Cambodia, around 80 km (50 mi) from the temple ruins of Angkor. The site was excavated between 2001 and 2003 by primary excavators Dougald O’Reilly of the Australian National University, Pheng Sitha and Thuy Chanthourn. The excavation was intended to discover more about Iron Age life in Cambodia.
  • 367
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Physical Algae Removal Technology
The most commonly used techniques for algae removal by physical methods include mechanical methods, shading technology methods, air flotation, clay flocculation, ultrasonic methods, filtration, ultraviolet irradiation, and adsorption.
  • 604
  • 21 Mar 2023
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