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Topic Review
Geophysical Methods for Studying Gas Release from Seabed
Marine geophysical methods are of particular importance in the comprehensive study of the process of gas seepage from the seabed. Their use allows for solving a wide range of problems related to the detection, mapping, quantification, and monitoring, as well as the study of upper and deeper geological roots of gas emission and their relationship with tectonic processes. 
  • 306
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
George C. Marshall Institute
The George C. Marshall Institute (GMI) was a nonprofit conservative think tank in the United States. It was established in 1984 with a focus on science and public policy issues and was initially active mostly in the area of defense policy. Since the late 1980s, the Institute put forward environmental skepticism views, and in particular has promoted fringe views regarding the scientific consensus on climate change. The think tank received extensive financial support from oil companies. It closed in 2015, morphing somewhat into the CO2 Coalition.
  • 644
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Geosynthetics in Sustainable Engineering Solutions
Geosynthetics have proven to provide sustainable solutions for geotechnical and geoenvironmental problems when used with natural materials.
  • 758
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Geothermal Anomalies in the Neoproterozoic Arabian Shield
Certain areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are assessed in order to map potential geothermal energy zones. To evaluate high-resolution aerial magnetic data, spectral depth analysis using a modified centroid approach was used. The calculated geothermal parameters were gridded in order to delineate the regions characterised by a shallow Curie point depth (CPD) and a high geothermal gradient (GG) as well as a high heat flow (HF).
  • 281
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Geothermal Energy Reservoirs
Geothermal is a renewable energy source, but this is not as often seen as other renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, etc. Two different types of geothermal energy sources exist in the world: (1) high entropy and (2) low enthalpy geothermal energy reservoirs. Geological characteristics and local temperature are used to classify geothermal reservoirs. 
  • 723
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Geothermal Fluids: Opportunities for Critical Element Extraction
Several elements found in New Zealand geothermal fluids are currently considered ‘critical’ for the transition to a carbon-neutral economy and are present in economically extractable quantities. 
  • 442
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Geotourism and Ecotourism
The two forms of tourism, ecotourism and geotourism, are considered forms of experiential tourism, and they sometimes also raise questions such as about the differences between them in terms of their elements of attraction. Ecotourists, in addition to ecological activities related to natural attractions, add and focus seriously on the cultural side of the wild side, but also on the constructed, humanised, and culturalised sides of the countryside outside or close to purely geotouristic attractions (hence the assimilation of ecotourism with rural tourism or agrotourism).
  • 859
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
GIS and Environmental Governance
Geographic information system (GIS) is a commonly used tool for environmental management, modelling and planning. As simply defined by Michael Goodchild, GIS is as ‘a computer system for handling geographic information in a digital form’. In recent years it has played an integral role in participatory, collaborative and open data philosophies. Social and technological evolutions have elevated ‘digital’ and ‘environmental’ agendas to the forefront of public policy, the global media and the private sector. Government departments routinely use digital spatial platforms to plan and model proposed changes to road networks, building design, greenbelt land, utility provision, crime prevention, energy production, waste management and security. Non-profit organizations also incorporate geospatial and web-mapping approaches into political campaigns to lobby governments, to protest against socially or environmentally harmful companies, and to generate public support. Private business, whether in land management, resource extraction, retail, manufacturing or social media for example, also incorporate GIS into overall profit-making strategies.
  • 642
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
GIS-Based Cropland Suitability Prediction Using Machine Learning
The increasing global demand for food has forced farmers to produce higher crop yields in order to keep up with population growth, while maintaining sustainable production for the environment. The conventional method for calculating cropland suitability in previous studies was a geographic information system (GIS)-based multicriteria analysis, dominantly in combination with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Although this is a flexible and widely accepted method, it has significant fundamental drawbacks, such as a lack of accuracy assessment, high subjectivity, computational inefficiency, and an unsystematic approach to selecting environmental criteria. 
  • 529
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Global 200
The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by WWF, the global conservation organization, as priorities for conservation. According to WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species dynamics, and environmental conditions". So, for example, based on their levels of endemism, Madagascar gets multiple listings, ancient Lake Baikal gets one, and the North American Great Lakes get none. The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.
  • 644
  • 06 Oct 2022
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