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Topic Review
Processes Responsible for Nitrate Pollution in Water
Nitrate (NO3−) pollution of surface and groundwater bodies is a global problem of increasing concern, which has stimulated significant research interest. Nitrogen is crucial for life as a macronutrient for living organisms on Earth, but the global nitrogen cycle has been seriously altered by intensification of human activities, leading to eutrophication and hypoxic conditions of aquatic ecosystems. Due to nitrogen overfertilization, intensive agricultural practices generate huge nitrate fluxes that inadvertently deteriorate water quality. Different industrial processes also contribute to NO3− pollution in the environment. 
  • 434
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Process-oriented mining method for marine abnormal variation
Marine anomaly variations (MAVs) refers to an abnormal decrease or increase of marine environmental parameters, which covers a specified spatial domain and lasts for a specified temporal duration, e.g., the monthly mean variation of sea surface temperature and the seasonal variation of sea surface height. These variations have evolution properties from production through development to death, which plays a significant role on exploring the evolution mechanism of marine environment and the mechanism. As few considering temporal evolution relationship, traditional spatiotemporal mining methods have great challenges in analyzing these MAVs. Thus, this paper takes the process semantics of MAVs to design the process-oriented mining workflow, and to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of MAVs.
  • 810
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Process of Wastewater Treatment
Domestic wastewater (DWW) contains inorganic and organic components that can be harmful to aquatic organisms. Traditional remediation approaches (physical, chemical and biological) can be used on-site or off-site to purify polluted domestic water (activated sludge, built-wetlands, stabilization ponds, trickling filters and membrane bioreactors), and each has its own advantages and limitations. Biosorption through microorganisms, bacteria (microbe-mediated remediation), fungi (mycoremediation) and algae (phycoremediation) has shown promising results in removing toxic chemicals and nutrients. The type of waste and its concentration, heterogeneity level and percentage of clean-up required; and the feasibility of the clean-up technique and its efficiency, practicability, operational difficulties, environmental impact and treatment costs are all factors that are to be considered when choosing a technique for domestic wastewater treatment (DWWT).
  • 550
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Probiotics for Freshwater Fish Farming
Probiotics for freshwater fish farming can be administered as single or multiple mixtures. The expected benefits of probiotics include disease prophylaxis, improved growth, and feed conversion parameters, such as the feed conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR).
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Primary Rare Earth Elements Resources
Rare earth elements (REEs) are national strategic resources widely applied in industries such as petrochemicals, electronics, national defense and new energy. The primary REE resources are monazite, bastnaesite, xenotime and ion-adsorption type rare earth ore.
  • 216
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pretreatment Techniques for Free Nucleic Acids in WS
Pathogenic detection in wastewater samples (WS) plays a key role in safeguarding public health and the environment. Accurate pathogenic detection is not only essential for preventing the spread of waterborne diseases, but also for preserving the ecological integrity of natural water bodies. It is also vital to monitor and detect pathogens in wastewater samples for assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes, which will help in determining the sufficiency of treatment facilities in eliminating pathogens before discharging treated wastewater into the environment. Pathogenic detection in wastewater can serve as an early warning system for potential disease outbreaks. By monitoring the presence of specific pathogens in wastewater, proactive measures can be taken to protect public health and mitigate the spread of diseases.
  • 204
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Preparing Public Opinion to Accept Distributed Energy Systems
Global energy consumption has reached unprecedented levels over the last century due to population growth and economic growth. There have been significant changes in the global energy economy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Due to this trend, many countries around the world are promoting electric technologies as fuel-saving alternatives. Israelis know too little about smart meters, energy storage systems, and other modern power grid technology, which enables a decentralized approach to energy management referred to as distributed energy systems (DES). Using distributed energy systems to generate energy on-site and manage loads can reduce costs, improve reliability, and secure revenue. An effective public education program can help prepare public opinion and reduce barriers to smart use and energy efficiency in the home. 
  • 362
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Preparation of Gaseous Biofuels from Kitchen Waste
Kitchen waste is an important component of domestic waste, and it is both harmful and rich in resources. Biofuels generally refer to solid, liquid or gaseous fuels made from biological organisms and their metabolic excretions. Biofuels are pollution-free, locally available, sustainable and reliable. Biodiesel, bioalcohols (ethanol and butanol), biomethane, and biohydrogen are the typical representatives of gaseous and liquid biofuels.
  • 383
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Preparation of Cyrene
The bio-based solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) is a green and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based dipolar aprotic solvents. Cyrene can be prepared from cellulose in a simple two-step process and can be produced in a variety of yields. Cyrene is compatible with a large number of reactions in the chemical industry and can be applied in organic chemistry, biocatalysis, materials chemistry, graphene and lignin processing, etc. 
  • 407
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Predicted Changing Danube Delta Ecosystems for Fish Species
The Danube Delta is one of Earth’s biodiversity hotspots and includes many endemic, rare, and important species of both major conservation and economic value. This unique complex of ecosystems also plays a key role for Danube River and Black Sea fish fauna through its role as a natural safe buffer, shelter, feeding, reproduction, and smooth transitional area for a large number of fish species. Climate change is inducing a progressive sea level rise in the Black Sea, a fact that is expected to impact the delta’s key complex and dynamic habitats, biocoenoses, and associated biota, and last but not least the key taxonomic group, namely, fish. Around one-third of the fish species of this delta will be greatly affected, sometimes negatively, by this climate change scenario, another one-third to a lesser extent, and the final one-third not at all.
  • 525
  • 20 Jul 2023
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