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Topic Review
Methods Suitable for Wide-Area Rainfall Rate Measurement
Many design principles for rain gauges that have the capacity to record rainfall intensity have been proposed or developed. For catchment-based studies, data distributed spatially is needed, particularly for localised convective storms. One approach to gathering such data are to install multiple gauges; however, it is also possible to adopt measurement methods that have the capability of recording area-wide intensity data.
  • 306
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Aircraft Based on Regional Scene Perception
Scene matching plays a vital role in the visual positioning of aircraft. The position and orientation of aircraft can be determined by comparing acquired real-time imagery with reference imagery. To enhance precise scene matching during flight, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the reference imagery’s matchability beforehand. Conventional approaches to image matchability analysis rely heavily on features that are manually designed.
  • 249
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
PVTv2 for Deep Hash Remote Sensing Image Retrieval
For high-resolution remote sensing image retrieval tasks, single-scale features cannot fully express the complexity of the image information. Due to the large volume of remote sensing images, retrieval requires extensive memory and time. Researchers propose an end-to-end deep hash remote sensing image retrieval model (PVTA_MSF) by fusing multi-scale features based on the Pyramid Vision Transformer network (PVTv2).
  • 180
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Emeralds from Kagem Mine, Kafubu Area, Zambia
Kagem emerald mine in Zambia is deemed the largest open-pit emerald mine in the world, with extremely high economic value and a large market share. Mineral inclusions typically include actinolite, graphite, magnetite, and dolomite. Black graphite encased in actinolite in Kagem emeralds is reported herein for the first time. The FTIR spectrum of Kagem emeralds reveals that the absorption of type II H2O is stronger than that of type I H2O, indicating the presence of abundant alkali metals, which was confirmed through chemical analysis. Kagem emeralds contain high levels of Na (avg. 16,440 ppm), moderate-to-high Cs (avg. 567 ppm), as well as low-to-moderate K (avg. 185 ppm) and Rb (avg. 14 ppm) concentrations.
  • 319
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Covalent Organic Frameworks Solid-State Electrolytes
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a promising platform of materials for solid-state battery electrolytes due to their porous and robust structures, and their special spaces such as 1D and 3D, as well as their ability to be modified with functional groups. 
  • 476
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
NdFeB Permanent Magnet Uses
Rare earth element (REE) permanent magnets (NdFeB) are a critical element in a vast and growing number of industrial applications. In consumer electronics, a broad category encompassing computer, CD, and DVD hard drives, in addition to the ubiquitous cell phones, the nominal NdFeB magnet content may be small, but the global market share for this sector accounts for almost 30% of NdFeB demand, due to a large and continually increasing consumer base. It is estimated that wind turbines that primarily employ permanent magnets will add roughly 110 GW annually of on- and off-shore capability over the next few years. Electric vehicles (EVs) and E-bicycles (EBs) equipped with permanent magnet motors comprise the transportation contribution. Permanent magnet motors have garnered nearly 100% of the market share among EV manufacturers worldwide. Industrial, professional service, and personal robots, most using permanent magnets, are also included in the projected global need for rare earths, particularly Nd and Dy.
  • 610
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Behavior and Theory of Planned Behavior Framework
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) describes individual behavior and has been extensively utilized in studying pro-environmental behavior and low-carbon travel behavior (LTB). According to TPB, an individual’s behavioral intention is determined by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls, and behavior is determined by behavioral intentions. Attitude refers to an individual’s positive or negative attitude towards a certain behavior, subjective norm refers to the social pressure that individuals perceive to participate or not in a certain behavior, and perceived behavioral control refers to the degree of difficulty an individual perceives for a certain behavior.
  • 294
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change
Given that agricultural productivity is intricately linked to weather and climate conditions and relies heavily on climate stability, climate change introduces a wide range of challenges for agricultural activities. Consequently, there is a pressing need for climate-smart agriculture strategies that prioritize sustainable food production, climate resilience, and adaptation.
  • 201
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection Using UAV Images
Deep learning-based weed detection using UAV images. Recently, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has made significant progress in its design and capability, including payload flexibility, communication and connectivity, navigation and autonomy, speed and flight time, which has potential to revolutionize the precision agriculture.
  • 280
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification
Scene classification in remote sensing images aims to categorize image scenes automatically into relevant classes like residential areas, cultivation land, forests, etc. The implementation of deep learning (DL) for scene classification is an emerging tendency, with an effort to achieve maximum accuracy.
  • 552
  • 13 Oct 2023
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