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Topic Review
Approach to Existing Management Perspectives in Scuba Diving
There are a considerable number of studies reporting the negative impacts of recreational diving and their causes, yet there is a gap in the information regarding the aspects of activity management. A large part of the measures identified address stakeholders’ awareness, data on the activity, and implementing adapted management measures. Stakeholders need to be integrated into the entire process of managing the activity because they are the target for correcting actions.
  • 263
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Akinete Germination and the Ranges of Tolerances
Eutrophic freshwater ecosystems are vulnerable to toxin-producing cyanobacteria growth or harmful algal blooms. Cyanobacteria belonging to the Nostocales order form akinetes that are similar to the seeds of vascular plants, which are resting cells surrounded by a thick membrane. They overwinter in sediment and germinate when conditions become favorable, eventually developing into vegetative cells and causing blooms. 
  • 263
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biological Activity of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils
The development and implementation of safe natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides are urgent needs that will provide ecological solutions for the control of plant diseases, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, pests, and weeds to ensure the economic stability of farmers and food security, as well as protection of the environment and human health. Unambiguously, production of botanical pesticides will allow for the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources and finally decrease the use of chemical inputs and burden.
  • 262
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Production and Storage
Hydrogen has been widely considered to hold promise for solving challenges associated with the increasing demand for green energy. While many chemical and biochemical processes produce molecular hydrogen as byproducts, electrochemical approaches using water electrolysis are considered to be a predominant method for clean and green hydrogen production. 
  • 262
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Muddy Waters Mapping Using Machine Learning
The quality of drinking water is a critical factor for public health and the environment. Inland drinking water reservoirs are essential sources of freshwater supply for many communities around the world. However, these reservoirs are susceptible to various forms of contamination, including the presence of muddy water, which can pose significant challenges for water treatment facilities and lead to serious health risks for consumers. In addition, such reservoirs are also used for recreational purposes which supports the local economy. 
  • 262
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Engineered Solutions for Air Purification
Air pollution problem is particularly acute in large cities. This is especially true in those with active industrial facilities or with specific geographical locations that complicate natural air purification. Air pollution not only affects people’s health but also significantly worsens overall quality of life. There are significant health effects associated with both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution. Consequently, air quality monitoring and the implementation of engineered solutions for air purification are essential tasks in the field of urban science.
  • 261
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Analytical Probabilistic Models in Urban Runoff Control Systems
Urban stormwater is known to cause a myriad of problems, ranging from flooding to water quality degradations. analytical probabilistic model (APMs) are closed-form mathematical expressions representing a long-term system’s output performance derived from the probability distribution of the system’s input variables. Once derived, the APMs are easy to handle, allow for sensitive analysis, and can be co-opted into optimization frameworks. The implementation of APM in the planning and design of runoff control systems will not only help address the runoff quantity and quality problems of urban stormwater, but will also go a long way in optimizing the benefits derived from the systems. 
  • 259
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Soil Microbes in Chernobyl and Fukushima
Compositional changes in soil microbes associated with decreases in abundance and species diversity were reported, especially in heavily contaminated areas of both Chernobyl and Fukushima, which may accompany explosions of radioresistant species. In Chernobyl, the population size of soil microbes remained low for at least 20 years after the accident, and the abundance of plant-associated microbes, which are related to the growth and defense systems of plants, possibly decreased. These reported changes in microbes likely affect soil conditions and alter plant physiology. These microbe-mediated effects may then indirectly affect insect herbivores through food-mass-mediated, pollen-mediated, and metabolite-mediated interactions. Metabolite-mediated interactions may be a major pathway for ecological impacts at low pollution levels and could explain the decreases in insect herbivores in Fukushima.
  • 259
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Characteristics, Concentration, Toxicity of ECs in Water Bodies
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are causing negative effects on the environment and even on people, so their removal has become a priority worldwide. ECs are organic, pseudo-persistent, and unregulated “new” contaminants detected in water/wastewater in trace concentrations (ng/L–µg/L).
  • 258
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Measuring Landslides
Landslides are among the most destructive geo-disasters, causing substantial property damage and safety problems worldwide. Defined as the gravitational movement of mass down a slope, they can result from various events such as severe precipitation, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and human activities.
  • 258
  • 19 Jan 2024
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