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Topic Review
Phytotoxicity Removal Technologies for Agricultural Waste
Agricultural waste often contains substances such as phenols, organic acids, ammonia, nitrogen, and heavy metals, which can be highly phytotoxic. This phytotoxicity can inhibit seed germination and plant growth, making it a significant obstacle to using agricultural waste as a component of growing media. Therefore, it’s crucial to reduce or eliminate this phytotoxicity before agricultural waste can be effectively used. Various technologies have been explored for this purpose, including the four most common methods: composting, heat treatment, washing, and aging. Additionally, a newer method, ammonium incubation, has also been introduced. These methods aim to mitigate the phytotoxicity in agricultural wastes, enhancing their potential for effective utilization.
  • 332
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cracking of Gem Opals
The value of gem opals is compromised by their potential susceptibility to “crazing”, a phenomenon observed either in the form of whitening or cracking.
  • 332
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Soil Component Affect Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in soil have become research hotspots in the fields of public health and environmental ecosystem. The soil environment is an important acceptor of many pollutants, including antibiotics. The external pressure of antibiotics and other pollutants can promote the proliferation and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in soil. Soil ARGs can spread in various ways, such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between soil microorganisms and vertical gene transfer (VGT) between parent and offspring, while soil components have important influence on the occurance and spread of ARGs.
  • 331
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Requirement on Mapping High-Resolution Urban Impervious Surfaces
Urban impervious surface (UIS) refers to a land surface paved with impervious or low permeability materials within the urban development boundary. UIS generally consists of materials such as tile, impervious asphalt, and impervious concrete. It typically includes buildings, structures, impervious roads, plazas, parking lots, etc. UIS is a key parameter in climate change, environmental change, and sustainability. High-resolution impervious surface mapping is a long-term need. There is an urgent requirement for impervious surface mapping from high-resolution remote sensing imagery. High-resolution images can capture details and spatial relationships among different objects, gradually becoming an important data source for fine-grained urban impervious surface extraction.
  • 331
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Recycling of Thermoplastics
Plastic materials have gathered attention recently due to their omnipresence in the global economy. The transition towards a circular economy is the only way to prevent the environment from landfilling and incineration.
  • 331
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Thermodynamic Properties of a Gas–Liquid–Solid System
Emission reduction in the main greenhouse gas, CO2, can be achieved efficiently via CO2 geological storage and utilization (CCUS) methods such as the CO2 enhanced oil/water/gas recovery technique, which is considered to be an important strategic technology for the low-carbon development of China’s coal-based energy system. During the CCUS, the thermodynamic properties of the CO2–water–rock system, such as the interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability of the caprock, determine the injectability, sealing capacity, and safety of this scheme. Thus, researchers have been conducting laboratory experiments and modeling work on the interfacial tension between CO2 and the water/brine, wettability of caprocks, the solubility of gas–liquid binary systems, and the pH of CO2-saturated brine under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions.
  • 331
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Landfill Gas Emission Reduction in Brazil
Brazil has established a strong public policy using Clean Development Mechanism Projects to reduce methane emissions from landfills. An important component of these projects is the sale of avoided emissions by the private market to generate revenue.
  • 330
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Methods Used for Artificial Humification of Animal Wastes
Humification (HF) is the natural process of converting bioorganic matter into humic substances (humus, humate, humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin) via geo-microbiological mechanisms under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions. Humic substances (HSs) and their composition and concentrations mostly determine the basic properties of soils and play an important role in regulating the growth of plants and soil microorganisms and the accumulation and migration of metal ions, radionuclides, and ecotoxicants in soils. Various processes designed for the humification (HF) of animal husbandry wastes, primarily bird droppings, reduce their volumes, solve environmental problems, and make it possible to obtain products with artificially formed humic substances (HSs) as analogues of natural HSs, usually extracted from fossil sources (coal and peat).
  • 330
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Microplastics on Soil Health and Functioning
Since plastic debris is highly resistant to environmental degradation, a growing presence of plastics in all the ecosystems has been confirmed. Among them, plastic particles < 5 mm, also known as microplastics (MPs), are of special concern because they are dispersed in aerial, terrestrial and aquatic environments, being the soil the main environmental sink of these contaminants. Due to their large specific surface area and hydrophobicity, MPs are considered good adsorbents for other environmental organic pollutants also present in terrestrial ecosystems, such as pharmaceuticals, personal-care products or pesticides with which they can interact and thus modify their environmental fate. 
  • 329
  • 14 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biocontrol Agents of Stink Bugs in Soybean Production
Soybean production is usually performed on large scales, requiring efficient pest management to be successful. Soybean fields are inhabited by several species of arthropods, demanding constant development of management practices to prevent pest outbreaks.
  • 329
  • 10 Oct 2023
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