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Topic Review
Application of Environmental Enrichment Strategies in Sea Turtles
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a series of techniques and methods aimed to improve the welfare of animals in captivity and/or under rehabilitation. It uses external stimuli to enhance their psychological and physiological wellbeing to promote natural abilities and behaviors.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Pre-Emptively Managing Overtourism
Overtourism is the congestion or overcrowding from an excess of tourists, resulting in conflicts with locals. The World Tourism Organization defines overtourism as "the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitor experiences in a negative way". 
  • 553
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Vehicles Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions
In the automotive field the term “particulate matter (PM)” is used for the collected matter on a flow-through filter under specific conditions, and the term “particle” for aerosol particles measured while airborne (suspended matter). Particles are divided into “volatile” and “non-volatile” (or solid) at tailpipe conditions (high temperature, high concentration). Species that at tailpipe conditions appear volatile, may partition toward the particulate phase at atmospheric conditions (low temperature), and the term semi-volatile better characterizes them. The term “semi-volatiles” (instead of “volatiles”) will be used loosely in this text to indicate species not counted after dilution and thermal pre-treatment at 300–400 °C. The term ultrafine particles (i.e., particles < 100 nm) is not so common in the automotive community. Even though the majority of particles has sizes <100 nm, the tail extends to larger sizes. A recent review argued that a better definition for ultrafine particles (focusing on the automotive field) would be particles <500 nm.
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Study of Water Safety Plan
The use of Microfiltered Water Dispensers (MWDs) is increasing in offices, companies, or commercial facilities, as a response to plastic pollution. Despite their widespread use, poor data are available about the water quality and pathogens developed. Starting from a high contamination found in MWDs, a Water Safety Plan (WSP) was implemented on 57 MWDs to improve the water quality. To assess the effectiveness of WSP during the period 2017–2021, the environmental monitoring of heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) at 36 °C and 22 °C, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens, as prescribed by Italian regulation for drinking water, was conducted.
  • 463
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Solar Energy—Clean Energy
Solar photochemical technology is one of the most significant renewable technologies particularly for remote and standalone consumers those are away from the grid supply system. Invented in 1955, their main focus was on providing electrical power to space crafts. Recent developments and innovations have significantly reduced the cost of photovoltaic systems; at the same time increased the efficiency of the system substantially. For a long, they have become commercially viable in small power applications.
  • 555
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Heatwave Events over the Yangtze River Basin
Heatwave events (HWEs) have strong impacts on human health, ecosystems, and sustainable social development. In the future, the increase in HWEs over the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) region is likely to be associated with the enhancement of the western-Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and South-Asian high (SAH), and this enhancement was also greater under SSP585. The results from the high-resolution simulation of the RCM can provide an important reference for disaster prevention and mitigation in the future.
  • 426
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Exploring the Road toward Environmental Sustainability
Despite the fact that China’s economy has grown swiftly since the reform and opening up, the problem of environmental degradation in China has become increasingly significant. Specifically, renewable energy consumption and oil rent contribute to environmental sustainability because of their negative effects on greenhouse gas emissions. On the contrary, economic growth and natural resources hinder environmental sustainability due to their positive effects on greenhouse gas emissions.
  • 534
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Effect of PFAS Molecules for the Human Health
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts.
  • 479
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Odor Measurement Methods
Odor pollution related to industrial activities (e.g., chemical industries, oil and gas extraction and refining facilities, waste treatment and disposal facilities) is nowadays acknowledged as a serious environmental concern. Indeed, odors are currently subjected to control and regulation in many countries. Such regulations rely on the possibility of measuring odors. The methods that have been developed and standardized over the last years to measure odors, thereby including sensorial and instrumental techniques, are here described, thereby focusing on their applicability and limitations.
  • 2.2K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Development and Mangroves
Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees that inhabit the mid and upper intertidal coastal fringes (mainly estuaries and deltas) of tropical and subtropical regions. Rainfall, tidal height, salinity, soil characteristics (nutrients and oxygen content, grain composition and humidity), and biotic factors, like herbivory, are among the main ecological factors determinant of their development, diversity, and high biomass . 
  • 452
  • 08 Feb 2022
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