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Topic Review
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Malaysia
The tsunami is one of the deadliest natural disasters, responsible for more than 260,000 deaths and billions in economic losses over the last two decades. The footage of the devastating power of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami perhaps remains vivid in the memory of most survivors, and Malaysia was one of the countries affected by the unprecedented 2004 tsunami. It was the first time the Malaysian government had managed such a great disaster. A compilation of post-event observations regarding tsunami characteristics is first presented in the form of maps, followed by building damage, including damage modes of wall failure, total collapse, debris impact and tilting of structures.
  • 12.5K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Adjustment and Renovation Policies of Old Industrial Cities
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that China’s carbon dioxide emissions will peak before 2030, and the country will strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Activities related to industrial production and energy consumption are the main sources of carbon dioxide production. Vigorous promotion of carbon emission reduction in the industrial and energy fields is key to the successful implementation of new environmentally friendly development concepts, and to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, which in turn will help achieve carbon peaking, and then carbon neutrality. The old industrial cities have made historical and significant contributions to the formation and improvement of an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system in China, and have been indispensable in the post opening-up reform era, and during the current wave of modernization.
  • 352
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Water–Energy–Food Nexus
The availability of water, energy and food plays a key role in meeting the basic needs of the world population and allowing them to achieve prosperity and supports the UN’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). These three fundamental resources are closely interrelated, with their deep interdependencies reflected in various concepts of the ‘water–energy–food nexus’ (W–E–F).
  • 939
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Teaching Sustainability in Planning and Design Education
Education for sustainable development (ESD) benefits school improvement and individual students, allowing them to ask critical questions about the status quo, clarify their values, and think systemically. In the fields of planning and design, including urban planning, regional planning, landscape architecture, and urban design, sustainability is vital to address the development dilemmas of environmental protection, urban development, economic activity, and social expectations. Design and planning decisions must consider a wide range of activities representing the goals of preservation, development, economic opportunities, social justice, and many others.
  • 653
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Geochemical Analysis with Laser Mass Spectrometer
Laser ablation/ionisation mass spectrometer (named LMS) demonstrated its high performance for the chemical analysis of micrometre-sized objects, such as mineralogical grains, layers, biologically relevant films and microscopic fossils.
  • 455
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Scope for Using Proximal Soil Sensing by Indian
Knowledge about spatial distribution patterns of soil attributes is very much needed for site-specific soil nutrient management (SSSNM) under precision agriculture. High spatial heterogeneity exists in the agricultural soils of India due to various reasons. The present practice of assessing the spatial variability of the vast cultivated landscape of India by using traditional soil sampling and analysis is costly and time consuming. Hence, proximal soil sensing (PSS) is an attractive option to assess the plot-scale spatial variability pattern (SVP) of soil attributes for SSSNM. A PSS system, either in a fixed position or mounted on a vehicle (on-the-go), can be used to obtain measurements by having direct contact with soil. PSS measurements provide low-cost and high-density data pertaining to the SVPs of soil attributes. These data can be used to generate digital elevation and soil attribute variability maps at the field scale in a crop production environment. Based on the generated variability maps, locally available and economically feasible agricultural inputs can be applied using variable rate application strategies for sustainable cropping and enhanced farm profit. 
  • 507
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Atmospheric Particulate Matter
Haze is the phenomenon of visibility degradation caused by extinction effects related to the physicochemical properties of atmospheric particulate matter (APM). Atmosphere heterogeneous reactions can alter the physicochemical properties of APM. APM is a general term for all kinds of solid and liquid particulate matter in the atmosphere. All kinds of APM are evenly dispersed in the air to form a relatively stable suspension system, that is, the aerosol system. APM can enter the human respiratory system through inhalation, causing a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, thus causing harm to human health, especially in the case of PM2.5.
  • 573
  • 22 Aug 2022
Topic Review Video
Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures
Diverse forms of offshore oil and gas structures are utilized for a wide range of purposes and in varying water depths. They are designed for unique environments and water depths around the world. The applications of these offshore structures require different activities for proper equipment selection, design of platform types, and drilling/production methods. There are advances made in ocean engineering which include a variety of innovative offshore structure designs, ranging from fixed platforms to floating platforms. Some of these structures include the deep-water semisubmersible platforms, jack-up rigs, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), FPS (floating production systems) units.
  • 8.0K
  • 19 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Influence of Smart Cities on Carbon Emission Intensity
The concept of “smart cities” plays a positive role in the overall green and sustainable development of a nation. However, it is still debated whether smart cities can restrain the carbon emission intensity at the micro-level and promote the green transformation of enterprises. 
  • 342
  • 19 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Floating Photovoltaics
Floating photovoltaics (FPV) addresses this issue by installing solar photovoltaics (PV) on bodies of water. Globally, installed FPV is increasing and becoming a viable option for many countries. 
  • 768
  • 18 Aug 2022
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