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Topic Review
Phytoplankton as Indicators of Climate Change
Phytoplankton represent a taxonomically diverse group of photosynthetic, mostly single-celled aquatic organisms that drift with the current. Phytoplankton also play an important role in influencing the Earth’s climate and the functioning of the biological carbon pump. The biological carbon pump is a major component of the global carbon cycle and refers to the process by which atmospheric CO2 is transferred by primary producers (mostly phytoplankton) from the eutrophic zone of the ocean to the underlying sediments.
  • 131
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Ecosystem-Services Provided by Microbiota in Vineyards and Wines
The progression in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is helping to facilitate the identification of microbial dynamics during winemaking. These advancements have aided winemakers in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of microbiota in the fermentation process, which, in turn, is ultimately responsible for the delivery of provisioning (wine features and its production), regulating (such as carbon storage by vineyards, regulation of soil quality, and biocontrol of pests and diseases) or cultural (such as aesthetic values of vineyard landscapes, scholarly enjoyment of wine, and a sense of belonging in wine-growing regions) ecosystem services. Ecosystem services can be defined as the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems and their component species sustain and enable human life. The main classifications group them into three broad categories: provisioning, regulating, and cultural.
  • 160
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture
The membrane gas-capture process has been examined for several separation purposes, such as air separation, hydrogen purification, and carbon-capture methods. For the membrane CO2 removal process, several membrane materials have been studied and enhanced to meet carbon dioxide separation standards, like molecular sieves, fixed-site carriers (FSC), inorganic, and polymeric membranes.
  • 129
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Urban Infrastructure Integration of AI-Driven Energy Solutions
In a rapidly evolving urban landscape, the challenges of energy consumption, sustainability, and efficiency remain critical concerns. Artificial intelligence is a transformative force fundamentally reshaping the way we live, work, and interact with our environment. AI uses advanced algorithms, machine learning, and data analysis to mimic human cognitive functions, enabling machines to perceive, reason, and make decisions. In cities, AI can be used to optimize energy infrastructure and create a more sustainable and resilient urban future.
  • 122
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Semantic Segmentation Networks for Forest Applications
Deforestation remains one of the key concerning activities around the world due to commodity-driven extraction, agricultural land expansion, and urbanization. The effective and efficient monitoring of national forests using remote sensing technology is important for the early detection and mitigation of deforestation activities. Deep learning techniques have been vastly researched and applied to various remote sensing tasks, whereby fully convolutional neural networks have been commonly studied with various input band combinations for satellite imagery applications, but very little research has focused on deep networks with high-resolution representations, such as HRNet.
  • 101
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Engineered Nano-ZnO in the Biological Nitrogen Removal Process
Engineered nano-ZnO is extensively utilized in both production and daily life, leading to its inevitable entry into the wastewater treatment system through various pathways. Nitrogen removal microorganisms in wastewater treatment systems are highly susceptible to environmental impacts. The antibacterial properties of nano-ZnO can impede the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process and adversely affect the nitrogen removal performance. A comprehensive understanding of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of nano-ZnO on the BNR process is crucial in devising appropriate countermeasures to ensure optimal nitrogen removal performance. 
  • 109
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Physical and Chemical Aspects of Fog Water
Fog water have been rapidly increasing due to its negative impacts on different environmental processes. However, fog water harvesting has become beneficial in various countries to overcome water scarcity. Accurate fog forecasting remains a challenging issue due to its spatio-temporal variability and uncertainties despite the development and efforts made to understand its chemistry and microphysics. The literature proved that the decrease in fog frequency over time in most countries is mainly attributed to the improvement in air quality or the change in regional climatic conditions. 
  • 5.9K
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Merits and Challenges in Geographic-Information-Systems and Remote-Sensing Application
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) have evolved into distinct disciplines within geospatial technology, each with well-established theoretical foundations and methodologies. They now encompass various methodologies and software tools(ArcGIS Pro, GRASS GIS, QGIS, ENVI, ERDAS Imagine etc.), expanding their applications in spatial data collection, measurement, analysis, storage, management, display, dissemination, and deployment. GIS has moved beyond just creating digital maps. It has evolved into a comprehensive framework for integrating, storing, analyzing, and presenting geospatial data. RS involves observational and investigative activities in the environmental realm. By continuously monitoring the surface environment, GIS and RS integrate temporal and spatial dimensions, enhancing our understanding of the natural world and the human–nature relationship. This understanding is crucial for recognizing, managing, and preserving archaeological and cultural heritage (ACH).
  • 134
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pretreatment Techniques for Free Nucleic Acids in WS
Pathogenic detection in wastewater samples (WS) plays a key role in safeguarding public health and the environment. Accurate pathogenic detection is not only essential for preventing the spread of waterborne diseases, but also for preserving the ecological integrity of natural water bodies. It is also vital to monitor and detect pathogens in wastewater samples for assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes, which will help in determining the sufficiency of treatment facilities in eliminating pathogens before discharging treated wastewater into the environment. Pathogenic detection in wastewater can serve as an early warning system for potential disease outbreaks. By monitoring the presence of specific pathogens in wastewater, proactive measures can be taken to protect public health and mitigate the spread of diseases.
  • 194
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Wood Waste Management from the Furniture Industry
Proper management of wood waste (WW) from the furniture industry has become an important issue. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that is widely used for identifying environmental gains in WW management strategies.
  • 244
  • 04 Jan 2024
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