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Maytham Oday Alabid
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Alabid, M.; Dinca, C. Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/53398 (accessed on 02 July 2024).
Alabid M, Dinca C. Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/53398. Accessed July 02, 2024.
Alabid, Maytham, Cristian Dinca. "Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/53398 (accessed July 02, 2024).
Alabid, M., & Dinca, C. (2024, January 03). Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/53398
Alabid, Maytham and Cristian Dinca. "Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture." Encyclopedia. Web. 03 January, 2024.
Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/app132011333

The membrane gas-capture process has been examined for several separation purposes, such as air separation, hydrogen purification, and carbon-capture methods. For the membrane CO2 removal process, several membrane materials have been studied and enhanced to meet carbon dioxide separation standards, like molecular sieves, fixed-site carriers (FSC), inorganic, and polymeric membranes.

polymeric membrane CO2 capture membrane process parametrization

1. Introduction

The control of anthropogenic carbon dioxide releases has drawn considerable interest from academia and manufacturers in recent years due to the growing apprehension about global climate change. Nowadays, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions has risen to 400 ppm in the atmosphere, which is considered a 30% rise in contrast to 1958 [1][2]. In 2015, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested a new proposal for emissions mitigation which was approved by several countries at the 21st Conference in Paris [3]. Carbon capture and utilization and storage (CCUS) has already been researched as a successful choice to reduce greenhouse emissions, where the major uses of carbon dioxide removal can be at large-scale CO2-emission sources, typically coal. However, 30% of overall carbon dioxide emissions are produced from energy production by coal [4][5].
Among different carbon-capture processes, post-combustion CO2 recovery is believed to be the most effective and flexible technology to be integrated with coal power plants without creating crucial retrofitting [6][7]. Many separation technologies can be integrated to mitigate CO2 contents from flue gas streams, such as chemical absorption, physical absorption, physical adsorption, and membranes [8][9][10][11][12]. Chemical absorption technology is considered to be the most favorable process because of its ability to capture 90% of CO2 from a high flue gas rate with large concentrations of no less than 99%. High thermal energy requirements and climate influence probabilities in terms of solvent discharge and degradation are the major drawbacks of the technology [13][14].

2. Polyacrylamide Polymer Membrane Used for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture

The membrane gas-capture process has been examined for several separation purposes, such as air separation, hydrogen purification, and carbon-capture methods. For the membrane CO2 removal process, several membrane materials have been studied and enhanced to meet carbon dioxide separation standards, like molecular sieves, fixed-site carriers (FSC), inorganic, and polymeric membranes [15]. The materials must be prepared and designed to be harnessed for a particular CO2 removal process under any conditions. The essential properties of any membrane material are defined in terms of its mechanical durability, as well as its chemical and thermal stability, in addition to its resistance against impurities such as SO2, NOx, fly ash, etc. Consequently, for a specific CO2-capture process, the selection of the membrane materials depends on these properties and operating conditions [16][17]. Membranes should have an effective selectivity and high CO2 permeability for the membrane CO2-capture process to be compatible with the chemical absorption process. For most polymeric membranes, “the Robeson upper-bound”, is a trade-off between permeability and selectivity [18]. Due to significant advancements in membrane performance since the original upper limit was established in the 1950s, the updated upper bound has an improved bound [19]. Up to the present, permeability and selectivity for different materials have been studied and considered the main features for selecting membrane materials for carbon dioxide recovery; different articles have studied membrane materials with a high permeability, as can be found in references [20][21]. Sandru et al. (2010) investigated various membrane layers at different operating conditions to examine their influence on membrane performance to recover CO2 from different streams in terms of permeability and selectivity. The author found that improving the membrane material with a higher CO2 permeable layer helped to increase the CO2 recovery rate with a higher purity. Enhancing the membrane permeability and selectivity are the main challenges to study for a more efficient CO2 separation process. However, polymeric materials are the most mature materials harnessed for CO2 removal [22][23].
The pressure difference across the membrane module is the mass transport driving force of a carbon-capture process. In the case of flue gas flows at atmospheric pressure, improving the pressure difference involves a compressor before the membrane unit, a vacuum pump to extract flue gas stream on the permeate side, or both for the membrane system to compensate for the low CO2 composition in the flue gas generated from a CFPP [24][25][26]. To compete with chemical absorption utilization, various membrane systems in post-combustion with different stages were studied to reduce the total cost, which is fundamentally caused by electrical energy demands and the membrane size [27][28][29][30][31].
Qinghua et al. (2022) researched the effect of the compression ratio across the membrane on energy consumption with a flue gas flow of 18.7 kmol/s. The cost and capture rate of the process were estimated by changing several configurations with different indicators, such as the pressure difference across the membrane unit and membrane surface. The authors declared that an increasing pressure ratio helped to raise the energy consumption and the investment and operating costs for the process. Despite the fact that the energy requirements could be decreased by a suitable membrane configuration, an extensive economic assessment of the considered process was not accomplished.
Shao et al. (2013) discussed a membrane configuration of two units integrated into a conventional coal-fired power plant (CFPP) for carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Different compressors and vacuum pumps, located on the permeate and retentate sides, have been evaluated for their value in determining the optimal pressure difference around the membrane. Regarding the author’s declaration, the first membrane area has the most impact on the overall price. However, for the considered system, the paper results demonstrated that the membrane system is more economically efficient than pressure swing adsorption and MEA absorption for the integration of carbon-capture technologies into a CFPP. The economic benefits or drawbacks related to the system had not been precisely determined.
Huanghe et al. (2023) studied two stages of membrane in a process at different CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity to obtain a 90% CO2 capture rate with more than 95% purity for coal-fired power plants. A sensitive analysis of operating pressures and membrane performance with a highly CO2-selective membrane (CO2/N2 selectivity >300) has been conducted to assess the membrane area and fractional energy. A feed gas of 117,745 kmol/h that includes 12.46% CO2, 14.97% H2O vapor, and 72.57% N2 was investigated in this paper. The authors revealed that increasing the membrane CO2 permeability leads to reducing the total membrane area for a separation process, therefore mitigating the CO2 capture costs. In the Huanghe proposal, the effect of membrane selectivity on economic evaluation has been elucidated.
Javad et al. (2021) investigated different designs and operating parameters and their influence on the membrane techno-economic performance with the separation goal of a 90% CO2 capture rate and 95% CO2 purity. The authors declared that increasing the first compressor pressure leads to reducing the membrane surface area notably, despite the power raises due to the extra power consumed by the compressors. Another particular outcome was released by the authors that enhancing membrane selectivity is not necessarily a strategy to reduce costs. Conversely, a larger selectivity value reduces the system’s specific energy, which is crucial for the pliable operation of integration membrane CO2 separation. A sensitive analysis regarding the discount payback period and CO2 purity effect on total power consumption has not been presented though.
Chiwaye et al. (2021) conducted an optimization study for the carbon dioxide recovery process by utilizing an N2-selective, CO2-selective membrane, and N2–CO2 hybrid system. A feed specification of 80,356 kmol/h with 13.5% CO2, 68.9% N2, 15.2% H2O, and 2.4% O2 resulting from a CFPP with 550 MW power generation was examined. The author’s results revealed that harnessing three stages of membrane instead of two at a particular CO2 recovery rate and purity is more beneficial regarding the cost related to the membrane CO2 removal process. Despite the full investigation of the economic and technical results, a sensitive examination of economic indicators, such as discount payback period and profitability index has not been investigated. In addition, the analysis of the energy consumption required to capture 1 kg of CO2 was not presented.
All the referenced authors demonstrated the major parameters that influence any membrane CO2-capture system and should be optimized to set the optimum technical and economical outcomes.

References

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  2. Wang, X.; Song, C. Carbon capture from flue gas and the atmosphere: A perspective. Front. Energy Res. 2020, 8, 560849.
  3. Masson-Delmotte, V. Global Warming of 1.5 °C: An IPCC Special Report on Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5 °C above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Contex of Strengthening the Global Response to the Thereat of Blimate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2018.
  4. International Energy Agency. Global Energy & CO2 Status Report. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-CO2-status-report-2019/emissions (accessed on 24 October 2022).
  5. Akpan, P.U.; Fuls, W.F. Cycling of coal fired power plants: A generic CO2 emissions factor model for predicting CO2 emissions. Energy 2021, 214, 119026.
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  15. Chen, G.; Wang, T.; Zhang, G.; Liu, G.; Jin, W. Membrane materials targeting carbon capture and utilization. Adv. Membr. 2022, 2, 100025.
  16. White, L.S.; Wei, X.; Pande, S.; Wu, T.; Merkel, T.C. Extended flue gas trials with a membrane-based pilot plant at a one-ton-per-day carbon capture rate. J. Membr. Sci. 2015, 496, 48–57.
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Subjects: Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Maytham Alabid
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Cristian Dinca
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Update Date: 09 Jan 2024
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