Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Internet Development and Green Total Factor Productivity
The strategy of sustainable development is not only a long-term plan for the survival and development of the Chinese nation, but also an inevitable requirement for the coordinated economic and social development of all countries in the world. With the rapid development of new-generation information technology, the Internet may play an even more important role in the implementation of sustainable development strategies. 
  • 299
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Internet Booking Engine
An Internet booking engine (IBE) is a website that allows consumers and travel agents to book flights, hotels, holiday packages, insurance and other services online.
  • 661
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
International Monetary Systems
An international monetary system is a set of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. It should provide means of payment acceptable to buyers and sellers of different nationalities, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, it needs to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade, and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The system can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, it can arise from a single architectural vision, as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.
  • 486
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Interaction Between Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Fiscal policy and monetary policy are the two tools used by the state to achieve its macroeconomic objectives. While for many countries the main objective of fiscal policy is to increase the aggregate output of the economy, the main objective of the monetary policies is to control the interest and inflation rates. The IS/LM model is one of the models used to depict the effect of policy interactions on aggregate output and interest rates. The fiscal policies have a direct impact on the goods market and the monetary policies have a direct impact on the asset markets; since the two markets are connected to each other via the two macrovariables output and interest rates, the policies interact while influencing output and interest rates. Traditionally, both the policy instruments were under the control of the national governments. Thus traditional analyses were made with respect to the two policy instruments to obtain the optimum policy mix of the two to achieve macroeconomic goals, lest the two policy tools be aimed at mutually inconsistent targets. But more recently, owing to the transfer of control with respect to monetary policy formulation to central banks, formation of monetary unions (like European Monetary Union formed via the Stability and Growth Pact), and attempts being made to form fiscal unions, there has been a significant structural change in the way in which fiscal and monetary policies interact. There is a dilemma as to whether these two policies are complementary, or act as substitutes to each other for achieving macroeconomic goals. Policy makers are viewed as interacting as strategic substitutes when one policy maker's expansionary (contractionary) policies are countered by another policy maker's contractionary (expansionary) policies. For example: if the fiscal authority raises taxes or cuts spending, then the monetary authority reacts to it by lowering the policy rates and vice versa. If they behave as strategic complements, then an expansionary (contractionary) policy of one authority is met by expansionary (contractionary) policies of the other. The issue of interaction and the policies being complements or substitutes for each other arises only when the authorities are independent of each other. But when the goals of one authority are made subservient to those of the other, then one authority solely dominates the policy making and no interaction worthy of analysis would arise. Also, fiscal and monetary policies interact only to the extent of influencing the final objective. So long as the objectives of one policy are not influenced by the other, there is no direct interaction between them.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Inter-Professional Communication in Complex IT Project Teams
Organizational IT projects are becoming more complex, not only because of the time-to-market pressure and increased complexity of the specific IT problems they have to solve, but also because of the diversity of their team members. Besides cultural (language) diversity in the global context, there are two additional types of diversity: diversity of organization management (linked to project versus organization tensions), which is common to all organizational projects, and the professional diversity in particular, proper to IT projects. Amid all advantages of varied standpoints, the diversity might come with seeds of misunderstandings in communication, tensions, and even latent conflicts, which (if not timely and properly addressed) may lead to escalating conflicts.
  • 154
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Inter-Organizational Relationship Performance
Inter-Organizational Relationship Performance (IORP) was directly affected by trust, commitment, coordination, and frequency of interaction directly, while simultaneously, communication and participation have indirect impacts on IORP. 
  • 900
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Intensive Pig Farming
The impacts of agriculture in general and livestock farming in particular on environmental degradation have been causing increasing concern worldwide, especially in livestock production areas with a high animal density. However, advanced breeding and feeding strategies are needed to supply the growing global demand for animal protein. Wildlife might be a substitute for pork, beef, and poultry from intensive farming; this may be the case for wild boar, but the consumption rate is low. 
  • 291
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Transformation of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises
Manufacturing is a resource-consuming industry, and its green production plays a vital role in improving the environment.The dual guidance of the government and the market can help different types of production companies to carry out green production.This research mainly uses the principle of tax leverage to study how the government sets tax standards to achieve green production in the manufacturing industry.  
  • 473
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Intelligent Prediction Method for Agricultural Product Price
Agricultural price prediction is a hot research topic in the field of agriculture, and accurate prediction of agricultural prices is crucial to realize the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture. Compared with econometric and mathematical-statistical methods, intelligent forecasting methods have fewer restrictions and assumptions in modeling and can effectively model nonlinear relationships in price series.
  • 293
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Intellectual Structure of Research in Organizational Resilience
Organizations, businesses, and communities at large are exposed to unprecedented adversities, uncertainties, economic, social, and ecological shocks and disruptions caused by natural disasters, climate change, political turmoil, global recession, economic instability, fluctuations in energy-source prices, war and terrorism dilemmas, pandemics, and several other newly rising social turbulences.
  • 146
  • 11 Sep 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 169
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback