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Topic Review
Sustainable Supply Chain Practices in the Cement Industry
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is an extension of traditional supply chain management (SCM) that takes into account environmental and social concerns. Cement manufacturing has been recognized as an intensive consumer of natural raw materials, fossil fuels, and energy, as well as a major source of multiple pollutants. This entry attempted to develop a model for SSCM practices by incorporating 23 SSCM factors divided into three dimensions of sustainability: nine factors of environmental SSCM, seven factors of social SSCM, and seven factors of economic SSCM.
  • 827
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Foreign-Exchange Reserves
Foreign-exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) is money or other assets held by a central bank or other monetary authority so that it can pay its liabilities if needed, such as the currency issued by the central bank, as well as the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government and other financial institutions. Reserves are held in one or more reserve currencies, mostly the United States dollar and to a lesser extent the Euro.
  • 826
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Decentralized Finance
The term Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to an alternative financial infrastructure built on top of public blockchains. DeFi uses smart contracts to create protocols that replicate existing financial services in a more open, interoperable, and transparent way Source. 
  • 826
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Diversity Management on Employees’ Engagement
The frequent world changes raised by globalization, new technology development, and the increase in migration movements have generated an immensely diversified workforce. To face these challenges, managers started to seek the best strategies to effectively run this mixed environment and implement the leading diversity management policies for human resource management sustainability, which is also considered as very constructive in boosting employees’ performance, motivation, satisfaction, as well as their work engagement. 
  • 825
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Natural Gas in the Transition of Energy
Natural gas is considered an important bridge in the transition of energy in the world. However, the development and management of unconventional gas now face many challenges.  Natural gas consumption and population have a long-run relationship with CO2 emissions. Consistent with other studies, there is a positive relationship between CO2 emissions and natural gas consumption, GDP, and population.
  • 823
  • 18 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Food Losses and Waste of Food
In recent times the issue of food losses and waste of food (FLW) has received increased academic and political attention. Although the definition of FLW is not clear, the truth is that globally roughly one-third of food is not consumed and is wasted, equivalent to 1.3. billion tonnes per year. The reasons for FLW differ between countries. In developed countries, most FLW occurs at the retail, foodservice and, home stages of the food supply chain for a variety of reasons. For instance, food not used in time, burning, spoilage, personal preferences or, leftover waste. While in developing countries FLW is mainly due to the absence of infrastructure, lack of knowledge and, investment in storage technologies.
  • 823
  • 02 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Manufacturing Practices
Sustainable manufacturing was defined as "the creation of manufactured products that use processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities, and consumers and are economically sound".
  • 823
  • 12 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Food Insecurity and Obesity
An interesting paradox is observed in terms of access to proper nutrition in the United States and in much of the world. In the United States, as much as 40% of the total food resources generated is wasted, while simultaneously, 5.6 million households exhibit disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake due to financial or other access-related issues. The disrupted eating patterns and improper nutrition can lead to increased risk of diet-related disease onset especially for chronic diseases such as heart disease, Obesity, hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The discussion herein focuses on the inter-relationship among the following factors: access to proper nutrition, obesity, T2DM, and food waste.
  • 823
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Asset Management, Complex System Governance
Asset management (AsM) has emerged from engineering as a structured approach to organizing complex organizations to realize the value of assets while balancing performance, risks, costs, and opportunities. Complex system governance (CSG) is an emerging field encompassing a framework for system performance improvement through the purposeful design, execution, and evolution of essential metasystem functions.
  • 823
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Social Networks among University Youth
This article addresses the design and validation of an updated questionnaire that makes it possible to understand the use patterns and attitudes of university youth on social networks. The authors utilized a panel of 20 judges who were social media experts and a sample of 640 university students. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) explained 66.523% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), carried out to verify the dimensional structure of the instrument, reflected the appropriate parameters. The reliability study showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.864. These data corroborated the development of a robust and reliable questionnaire. The resulting instrument did not contain items alluding to specific social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or LinkedIn), but rather students’ usage patterns of them. The exclusion of items that referred to particular social networks during the research demonstrated a convergence in behavior on social media regardless of the nuances of each platform. This fact suggested that the platform was of secondary importance in the context of a new paradigm in which the type of use (viewing, posting, participating, or interacting) took precedence over the name of the network itself.
  • 822
  • 29 Oct 2020
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