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Topic Review
Country-of-Origin Labeling
Now repealed, Country of origin labeling (COOL) (or mCOOL [m for mandatory]) was a requirement signed into American law under Title X of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (also known as the 2002 Farm Bill), codified at 7 U.S.C. § 1638a as Notice of country of origin. This law had required retailers to provide country-of-origin labeling for fresh beef, pork, and lamb. The program exempted processed meats. The United States Congress passed an expansion of the COOL requirements on September 29, 2008, to include more food items such as fresh fruits, nuts and vegetables. Regulations were implemented on August 1, 2008 (73 FR 45106), August 31, 2008 (73 FR 50701), and May 24, 2013 (78 FR 31367). On December 18, 2015 Congress repealed the COOL law, as a part of the omnibus budget bill because of a series of WTO rulings that prohibited labels based on country of origin.
  • 426
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Negative Environmental Impact of Consumerization of Information Technology
The internet plays a pivotal role in Industry 4.0, where it provides the underlying infrastructure to support the substantial growth of digital platforms and systems to deliver a wealth of benefits. However, with the unprecedented growth of internet-based applications in recent history, the internet itself is harming the environment. The most effective strategy to reduce internet usage is to incorporate extrinsic strategies and allow individuals to pay a premium for green internet services.
  • 426
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Online Anti-Counterfeiting on Channel Structure and Pricing Decisions
Counterfeiting is an important challenge in maintaining the security and sustainability of supply chains. Anti-counterfeiting has a positive impact on the selling price of brand products and the firms’ profits. However, the impact on wholesale prices varies depending on who implements the anti-counterfeiting strategy. 
  • 426
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Circular Economy at Global and Energy Markets
Sustainability is a strategic approach to develop a more sustainable economy to support the environment and socio-economic development. Literature on sustainability has been concerned mainly with global warming and environmental degradation issues, whereas the Circular Economy (CE) concept has recently been suggested as an alternative solution to support market sustainability and deal with both environmental and socio-economic challenges. In order to tackle these challenges, countries must switch from linear economies that follow the “take-make-dispose” principle to circular and sustainable economies. This research applies a structural and conceptual literature review to elucidate the most decisive determinants in the formation of circular strategies, particularly in the context of the energy sector. This research examines obstacles that hinder CE adoption and formulates drivers and measures to overcome them. The research shows that the circular approach is critical in achieving sustainable development. Circularity can be considered a novel and innovative approach to alleviating the contradiction between rapid economic growth and energy and raw materials shortages. The CE structure must be considered as a sustainable foundation to enhance economic growth by avoiding waste, preserving natural capital, managing resource scarcity, recycling materials, maximizing energy efficiency, and recirculating them into the economy. Analysis reveals that the circular system is a key pillar of sustainability, security, and efficiency in the energy sector. The sustainable energy transition requires incorporating the CE principles in the design process. It also revealed that both public and private sectors must move away from the linear paradigm towards circularity to achieve CE implementation.
  • 425
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Business Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility
The COVID-19 pandemic is without question posing a generation-defining challenge for public health and the global economy. Moreover, the pandemic has revived some old and introduced many new threats that today’s business leaders will have to face in the years to come. Despite the fact that the COVID-19 crisis was a humanitarian tragedy that continues to ravage millions of lives, it can also be viewed as an excellent opportunity to restart sustainable economic development as well as to help our business and economy to shift towards real business corporate social responsibility and ethical decision-making (thanks to the reduction in carbon emissions as a result of reduced economic activity and travel, increasing investments into healthcare and education, or finding the new ways for working and learning, such as remote work and online education).
  • 425
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Precision Farming
Among the innovations in agriculture, precision farming (PF) certainly plays an important role. PF originated in the US in the late 1980s and 1990s, then it spread globally. Conceptualized as “Precision Agriculture” or “Site Specific Management”, it is also described as “Smart Farming” and “Digital Farming” as it is based on the use of smart technologies in agriculture and digital data management.
  • 425
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Management Practices and SOC Dynamics during Rural–Urban Transformations
Rapid urbanization and agricultural intensification are currently impacting the soils of many tropical countries. Bangalore is a growing megacity experiencing both issues and their derived ecological and socio-economic effects. Fertilization increases SOC concentrations, especially when mineral fertilizer is combined with additional farmyard manure. Single mineral fertilizer and a combination of mineral fertilizer and farmyard manure are commonly applied in Bangalore. Conservation practices, such as reduced tillage and mulching, are applied by 48% and 16% of households, respectively. Farm and household characteristics, including market integration, are the most important determinants of management decisions that affect SOC.
  • 423
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Trustworthiness Facets
Trustworthiness facets are considered essential characteristics for assessing the trustworthiness of parties with whom one interacts, such as other people, technologies, or organizations. It is assumed that the better a social media application supports its users in their trustworthiness assessment, the safer and more promising user interactions will be.
  • 421
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Comprehensive Evaluation of China’s Input–Output Sector Status
Based on China's 2002–2018 input–output data, this research uses the entropy weight method to determine weights, and then combines the social network analysis method in order to construct a comprehensive index system for industry status evaluation.
  • 421
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Clearing
In banking and finance, clearing denotes all activities from the time a commitment is made for a transaction until it is settled. This process turns the promise of payment (for example, in the form of a cheque or electronic payment request) into the actual movement of money from one account to another. Clearing houses were formed to facilitate such transactions among banks.
  • 420
  • 24 Oct 2022
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