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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Barriers to Attracting and Retaining Female Construction Graduates
Ongoing debates exist about making career decisions and increasing women’s representation in male-dominated professions. This is because countless efforts to increase this status quo across various sectors face different barriers.
  • 332
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Health-Promoting Nature-Based Paradigms in Urban Planning
Since the 19th century, urban planning has largely been guided by ambitions to improve the population’s wellbeing and living conditions. Parks and green areas have played a significant role in this work. However, the confidence in the function of green areas, and thus the motives for creating urban parks and green open spaces, have shifted over the years, which has affected both the planning and design of green areas. This entry describes three overarching paradigm shifts in urban planning, from the end of the 18th century to today, and the focus is on the major paradigm shift that is underway: how green areas can mitigate climate effects, increase biodiversity and at the same time support people’s health and living conditions in a smart city.
  • 649
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Financial Technologies
Financial technology (fintech) is an emerging field where novel technologies are used to improve the business operations or services offered by financial institutions and enterprises. Artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and cloud services have caused process disruption, while big data enables greater customer acquisition and retention. Together, these technologies have enhanced the use of interactive fintech agents in finance.  
  • 220
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Fungi Found in Libraries
Libraries contain a large amount of organic material, frequently stored with inadequate climate control; thus, mold growth represents a considerable threat to library buildings and their contents.
  • 517
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Monitoring the Progress of Doctoral Students
Doctoral students, graduate students, or postgraduate researchers (PGRs) are those students who undertake a research degree culminating in a thesis of original work. In this entry-level paper, they will generally be referred to as PGRs, as this demonstrates the importance of their contribution to the global research culture. In the UK, doctorates, usually a PhD but also professional doctorates, are typically three to four years in length full-time or six years part-time and are undertaken as an individual study. Research degrees are therefore unlike undergraduate and master’s programmes as they are not taught in a classroom with other students. PGRs can therefore suffer from an isolating student experience. Student monitoring refers to systems which track PGR engagement, progress and attendance. They can therefore be used to ensure that the PGR is present on the programme and submitting work, often in accordance with pre-set deadlines. Although doctorates internationally do have many similarities, there are also significant differences. This entry manuscript will be focused on UK doctoral study, although references will be made to the international stage as appropriate.
  • 582
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Smart City
Cities, as dynamic living centers and hubs of production and consumption, play an essential role in the global economy, are major contributors to the world’s GDP, and serve as arenas for political and social changes. Effectively managed cities can benefit residents by generating economies of scale through shared amenities, fostering health and well-being. Cities not only leverage industries’ creativity and help firms to innovate, but also serve as cultural incubators that determine livability and attract, retain, and nurture the segment of the creative labor force needed to succeed in the new economy. Sustainable Smart Cities have a significant potential to ensure equal access to public services, achieve sustainability and governance transparency, improve livability, and anticipate and mitigate increasingly changing threats. 
  • 187
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
21st Century Skills and Mobile-Technology-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning
The development of 21st-century skills is paramount. Among these skills, which encompass collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity, Mobile-Technology-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning (mIBL) in Science Education emerges as a potent method for their enhancement.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Youth Entrepreneurship Platform Returning to Hometown in China
The construction of business incubator platforms to assist young people who return to their hometowns to launch their own enterprises is urgently needed because youth entrepreneurship is seen as a crucial component of rural revitalization. Based on this, the authors of this study distributed surveys to 468 returning youths in rural startup spaces to gather data, built a structural model, and conducted interviews with 13 entrepreneurial youths to examine the relationship between government policies, services, and the design of rural startup spaces, as well as the self-efficacy of returning entrepreneurial youths and the innovation performance of businesses. The results demonstrate how important government policies are in encouraging youth entrepreneurship in their local communities. It has the potential to enhance both the development of rural crowdsourcing spaces and the self-efficacy of young entrepreneurs, thereby enhancing the innovative capabilities of local entrepreneurial businesses. Therefore, in order to encourage economic development in rural areas, the government should improve pertinent support measures, enhance the development of business incubation platforms, and encourage young people moving back to their hometowns to start their own businesses.
  • 510
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Parent‒Child Relationship and Neuroticism and Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness and neuroticism, the integral parts of the widely recognized Big Five personality model, play contrasting roles in adolescent mental health. Conscientiousness typically refers to an individual’s tendencies toward diligence, self-discipline, caution and self-control, while neuroticism manifests as emotional traits, such as anxiety, depression, hostility, inhibition and vulnerability. 
  • 195
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
University–Industry Collaboration in Postgraduate Education
The training of professional degree postgraduates in universities of applied sciences is essential in meeting the needs of industry and society. Postgraduates have a high degree of recognition of university–industry collaboration, but the main dissatisfaction lies in the alignment between enterprise practice and professional learning. To enhance the quality of training, universities should prioritize practice-oriented approaches that emphasize engineering practice throughout the entire training process, optimize the university–industry collaboration mechanism, and strengthen the construction of “double supervisor” faculties.
  • 291
  • 14 Nov 2023
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