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Topic Review
Kroogi
Kroogi [Russian: Круги, translation: circles, http://kroogi.com/] is a “content community” where musicians, painters, writers, videographers, photographers, and other users and organizations, that wish to share their projects with the world, showcase their work. Their supporters can follow their activity, download content, and make monetary contributions. Kroogi encourages its users to support artists and their projects through voluntary contributions, and by promoting artistic content. Users pay for downloading content based on a “Pay what you want” model, which allows fans and followers to set their own price for artists’ work. Artists also have the option of setting a minimum necessary contribution for downloads.
  • 439
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
La France Insoumise
La France Insoumise (pronounced [la fʁɑ̃s ɛ̃sumiz]; variously translated as "Unbowed France", "Unsubmissive France", or "Rebellious France") is a democratic socialist, left-wing populist political party in France , launched on 10 February 2016 by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, then a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and former co-president of the Left Party (PG). It aims to implement the ecosocialist programme L'Avenir en commun (English: "A Shared Future"). The party nominated Mélenchon as its candidate for the presidential election of 2017. He came fourth in the first round, receiving 19.5% of the vote and failing to qualify for the second round by around 2%. After the legislative election of 2017, La France Insoumise formed a parliamentary group of 17 members of the National Assembly, with Mélenchon as the group's president. In the 2019 European Parliament election, it however only won six seats, below its expectations. The party uses the lower case Greek letter phi as its logotype.
  • 2.3K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Labor Exploitation
The exploitation of labor is a concept that pertains to the unfair or unjust treatment of workers by employers or those in positions of power within economic systems. It is often associated with the extraction of surplus value from labor, where workers are not adequately compensated for the value they contribute to the production process. This concept is central to Marxist economic theory and has broader implications in discussions about workers' rights and social justice.
  • 470
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Land Take and Value Capture
Land use efficiency is a highly debated issue at an international level as several aspects can contribute to defining the concept of “efficiency”. However, if the term is contextualized in the field of urban development, this is closely linked to the concept of “public value”. The terms “land take” and “public value capture” (or often “land value capture”) as well as their use in different contexts have been discussed by scholars in the scientific literature in recent years. Marquard et al. (2020) argued towards bridging both notions of land consumption and LT. They proposed ways of addressing current ambiguities and suggested prioritizing the term “land take” in the EU context. Thus, the conceptual clarity around land consumption and LT has enhanced and a precondition for solidly informing respective policies and decisions provided. Barbosa et al. (2016) concluded that the implementation of the 2020 land take milestone will foster more efficient use of land and minimize negative impacts on non-artificial land uses. Colsaet et al. (2018) provided a systematic review on drivers of LT and urban land expansion. In this regard, they summarized the causal relationships between land take and different explanatory factors.Scholars concluded that “the effect of many factors however remains relatively undocumented or controversial in the reviewed literature, including widely used policy instruments”. Hendricks (2020) emphasized “public value capture” as one of the key factors of responsible land management and that smart instruments are needed for a successful implementation. He also characterized PVC as an essential phenomenon to improve the refinancing of public infrastructure and keep the necessary budget for other important duties such as social care.
  • 800
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Land Use and Global Environmental Change
Global environmental changes are multifactorial and affected by multiple forms of land use. Land use is closely linked to the global dynamics of the urbanization process, especially in recent decades in which the world has gone through intense migratory processes moving from rural to the urban setting. The dynamics that involve the urbanization process have multiple aspects and presuppose multiple ways of using the land and their linking to the economic aspect.
  • 623
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Land Use Efficiency and Value Capture
This article aims to relate intrinsic aspects of urban planning that are becoming increasingly important both within the international scientific debate and within urban planning tools. These aspects are land consumption and land value capture. Their centrality is given by the growing importance that in recent years have assumed the aspects related to the sustainable development of settlements. This article aims to summarize the main theories regarding the relationship between the efficiency of land use and the policies of capturing public value. The reference scenario is dictated by sustainable development policies that, if contextualized in the sphere of urban development, imply a rational use of resources to ensure the formation of resilient, safe, and inclusive settlements. This aspect introduces the existing link between urban form and sustainability. It is therefore understood how the achievement of the targets set at the international level are implemented in local urban policies. For this reason, many scholars have argued that the challenge of adapting to new pressures, such as climate change, necessarily means creating efficient urban settlements. The question becomes: which land use can be considered more efficient than the others? This article intends to answer this question by investigating the main theories that have tried to define the mechanisms and methods of comparison of different urban development scenarios. The article goes on to reconstruct the steps that have helped to evaluate urban development according to purely fiscal aspects up to the introduction of qualitative aspects related to public value. To do so, it analyzes the terms and tools related to the concepts of public value and the capture of public value and attempts to synthesize the main theories and research in the sector.
  • 927
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is a representative assembly (parliament) in German-speaking countries with legislative authority and competence over a federated state (Land). Landtage assemblies are the legislative bodies for the individual states of Germany and states of Austria, and have authority to legislate in non-federal matters for the regional area. Likewise, the Landtag of South Tyrol (Italian: Consiglio della Provincia autonoma di Bolzano) is the legislature of the autonomous province of South Tyrol in northeast Italy. In the sovereign principality of Liechtenstein the national parliament is called the Landtag of Liechtenstein.
  • 672
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Language Beliefs of English Teachers in Norway
Language teachers struggle to shift from monolingual ideologies and pedagogical practices, as advocated for in the promotion of multilingualism and inclusive pedagogy. Additionally, the role of English as a multilingua franca pushes English teachers to rethink their beliefs about the language and its use. Even when positive about multilingualism, teachers are often uncertain of how to address the complexities of multilingual ideals due to varying contextual factors and a lack of practical knowledge and skills. As the makeup of learners diversifies, schools and educational authorities must mindfully avoid assumptions of a shared linguistic and cultural background among learners and their families. They must not overlook or downplay the richness of the semiotic and cultural resources all learners bring with them, especially those with multilingual backgrounds.
  • 451
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Language Learning Investment in Higher Education
Second language learning investment relates to the willingness and effort of learners to develop language competencies which will give them a good return in terms of personal or professional benefits. Investment relates to a learner’s willingness to learn something which they believe could “give them a good return on that investment”. Qualitative research findings indicate that the construct of investment is complex and interweaves different aspects of language learning, such as motivation, necessity or personal needs, engagement and agency.
  • 527
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Languages, Dialects and Educational Achievement
This item focuses on the development of usage of Standard Dutch versus regional languages and dialects. It also explores the relation between language choice and language and mathematics test performance of young children. Data were collected in 2014 and the sample analyzed included 3,639 grade 2 pupils from 437 Dutch primary schools. The results of the present analyses were compared with those from analyses performed on similar data collected twenty years earlier, in 1994. Findings show that there has been dramatic decline in usage of regional languages and dialects. No correlation was found between language choice and language and mathematic test performance.  
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2020
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