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Topic Review
Pharmacological Modulation of Temporal Discounting
Temporal discounting is a phenomenon where a reward loses its value as a function of time (e.g., a reward is more valuable immediately than when it delays in time). This is a type of intertemporal decision-making that has an association with impulsivity and self-control. Many pathologies exhibit higher discounting rates, meaning they discount more the values of rewards, such as addictive behaviors, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, social anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder, among others.
  • 457
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
List of Monarchs of Mercia
The Kingdom of Mercia was a state in the English Midlands from the 6th century to the 10th century. For some two hundred years from the mid-7th century onwards it was the dominant member of the Heptarchy and consequently the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. During this period its rulers became the first English monarchs to assume such wide-ranging titles as King of Britain and King of the English. Spellings varied widely in this period, even within a single document, and a number of variants exist for the names given below. For example, the sound th was usually represented with the Old English letters ð or þ. For the Continental predecessors of the Mercians in Angeln, see List of kings of the Angles. For their successors see List of English monarchs.
  • 981
  • 16 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Hunter Valley, Climate Change Floods and SDGs
The realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development requires local governments globally to integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their policy and practice. In the case of the Hunter Valley Region of Australia, a key sustainable development issue is climate change-induced flooding. The localization and mainstreaming of SDG 13 on climate action can support tangible municipal climate actions in the Region.
  • 664
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Europe Food Security in the Prolonged Russian–Ukrainian Conflict
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, two major agricultural powers, has numerous severe socio-economic consequences that are presently being felt worldwide and that are undermining the functioning of the global food system. The war has also had a profound impact on the European food system. Indeed, the European agricultural industry is a net importer of several commodities, such as inputs and animal feed. This vulnerability, combined with the high costs of inputs such as fertilizers and energy, creates production difficulties for farmers and threatens to drive up food prices, affecting food affordability and access. Higher input prices increase production costs and, ultimately, inflation. This may affect food security and increase (food) poverty.
  • 511
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fitness-for-All and World
The Fitness-for-All was elevated to a national strategy, and the National Fitness Program (2011–2015) was launched to enhance the development of mass sports and well-being services by building a national fitness public service system.
  • 381
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Challenges in Managing American Unconventional Natural Gas Development
The United States sits atop vast reserves of natural gas. Geologists estimate that the nation is endowed with approximately 2828.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, with most of the recoverable reserves lying thousands of feet beneath the earth’s surface in tight shale formations. To extract natural gas from the tight shale, producers employ a technique known as hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing requires millions of gallons of water, sand, and chemicals to be pumped through wells at high pressures to break up the rock, free the gas, and transport it to the surface. Because this process differs from traditional or conventional natural gas extraction, hydraulically fractured wells are known as unconventional wells, and hydraulic fracturing is known as unconventional natural gas development.
  • 331
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Brahmanical System of Education
Brahmanical System of Education was an ancient system of education in ancient India. It was based on Vedic tradition.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Behavioral and Psychiatric Observations in Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of a group of heterogeneous genetic neurobehavioral disorders associated with developmental impairments in social communication skills and stereotypic, rigid or repetitive behaviors. Behavioral and psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in autistic individuals compared to the general population, and their symptom overlap with core features of autism can create diagnostic challenges. 
  • 502
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Flooding Vulnerability in Informal Settlements
Flooding is an increasingly challenging problem facing cities today, with consequences mostly felt in marginalized communities. Residents of informal settlements are particularly susceptible to the effects of flooding given that they are compelled to live in the most unsafe locations, such as floodplains. There is need to mitigate the challenges and strengthen the resiliency of informal settlements in relation to flooding through upgrading housing and infrastructures, green infrastructures, policies, integrating indigenous knowledge, and community participation    
  • 506
  • 02 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Reconceptualising Disabilities and Inclusivity for the Postdigital Era in the South African Context
Most times, focus in terms of inclusivity in education lingers around people with physical disabilities, leaving out marginalized persons due to lack of technology savvy, whereas, in the 21st century and era of (post)digitalization, technology is crucial and being compliant in such is critical. Hence, this study iinvestigated the subject of inclusivity in distance education from the dimension of technology use, in the context of South Africa, with the intention and by extension that it would apply to developing and underdeveloped countries of the world where access to technology remains a struggle. Thus, identifying what inclusivity in distance education especially from the dimension of access to technology, technology disability and skills is crucial. This therefore, calls for educational leaders to consider reconceptualising disabilities and inclusivity with regards to the postdigital era.
  • 540
  • 31 Mar 2023
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