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Topic Review
Autodidacticism
Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) or self-education (also self-learning and self-teaching) is education without the guidance of masters (such as teachers and professors) or institutions (such as schools). Generally, autodidacts are individuals who choose the subject they will study, their studying material, and the studying rhythm and time. Autodidacts may or may not have formal education, and their study may be either a complement or an alternative to formal education. Many notable contributions have been made by autodidacts.
  • 2.6K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Autoethnography on Researcher Profile Cultivation
Information Communication Technology (ICT) and social networks have significant impact on everyday life. One the one hand, Internet users enjoy promoting themselves and feel free to disseminate information about themselves through websites and social networks, but on the other hand, people feel forced to reveal information about them on the Internet. Web technologies enable self-promotion for many reasons, i.e., social relations development, acquiring a new job, or research career support. Generally, autoethnography concerns a person, particularly an individual researcher, who observes themselves and monitors their capabilities. Researchers are located in a social community context, develop their personal identity, realize organizational processes, and communicate with other colleagues. 
  • 368
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Automatically Detecting Incoherent Written Math Answers of Fourth-Graders
Arguing and communicating are basic skills in the mathematics curriculum. Making arguments in written form facilitates rigorous reasoning. It allows peers to review arguments, and to receive feedback about them.
  • 177
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Automation in High-Rise Buildings
Operators (owners/facility managers) of high-rise buildings are continuously faced with the challenge of finding innovative means of controlling and managing the facilities of high-rise buildings. This is due to consistent change in the nature and functions of building systems. Meanwhile, the use of computerized systems affords building operators the tools and methods that will enhance facility management activities. 
  • 172
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Automobile Consumers’ Low-Carbon Purchase Intention
Low-carbon buying consciousness is a kind of tacit knowledge, which was put forward by Michael Polanyi in Philosophy in 1958. “There are two kinds of human knowledge,” he argued. “What is usually described as knowledge” expressed in written words, charts and mathematical formulas, is only one type of knowledge. And unexpressed knowledge, like the knowledge that people have when they are doing something, is a different kind of knowledge. He called the former explicit knowledge and the latter tacit knowledge. Scholars have made great achievements in the study of tacit knowledge. Consumers are a group, and the classic model to study the trend of the crowd is the Susceptible Infected Recovered Model (SIR).
  • 477
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Awe and Prosocial Behavior
Although awe has been shown to increase prosocial behavior, there is limited knowledge about the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and about this relationship during unique periods. Awe can significantly positively predict prosocial behavior and can also indirectly predict prosocial behavior through the presence of meaning in life. These associations are moderated by the perceived social support. Specifically, the positive relationship between awe and the presence of meaning in life was only significant for college students with low perceived social support and the positive relationship between the presence of meaning in life and prosocial behavior was stronger for college students with high perceived social support.
  • 695
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Babbling
Babbling is a stage in child development and a state in language acquisition during which an infant appears to be experimenting with uttering articulate sounds, but does not yet produce any recognizable words. Babbling begins shortly after birth and progresses through several stages as the infant's repertoire of sounds expands and vocalizations become more speech-like. Infants typically begin to produce recognizable words when they are around 12 months of age, though babbling may continue for some time afterward. Babbling can be seen as a precursor to language development or simply as vocal experimentation. The physical structures involved in babbling are still being developed in the first year of a child's life. This continued physical development is responsible for some of the changes in abilities and variations of sound babies can produce. Abnormal developments such as certain medical conditions, developmental delays, and hearing impairments may interfere with a child's ability to babble normally. Though there is still disagreement about the uniqueness of language to humans, babbling is not unique to the human species.
  • 754
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Baby Bonus
A baby bonus is a government payment to parents of a newborn baby or adopted child to assist with the costs of childrearing.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bacha Bazi
Bacha bāzī (Dari: بچه بازی‎, lit. "boy play"; from بچه bacheh, "boy", and بازی bazi "play, game") is a slang term in some parts of Afghanistan for a wide variety of activities involving sexual relations between younger adolescent men or boys, who are called dancing boys, and older men. The custom is connected to sexual slavery and child prostitution. In the 21st century, Bacha bazi is reportedly practiced in various parts of Afghanistan. Force and coercion are common, and security officials state they are unable to end such practices because many of the men involved in bacha bazi-related activities are powerful and well-armed warlords. During the Afghan Civil War (1996–2001), bacha bazi carried the death penalty under Taliban law. The practice of dancing boys is illegal under Afghan law, but the laws are seldom enforced against powerful offenders and police have reportedly been complicit in related crimes. A controversy arose after allegations surfaced that U.S. government forces in Afghanistan after the invasion of the country deliberately ignored bacha bazi. The U.S. military responded by claiming the abuse was largely the responsibility of the "local Afghan government". As of 2020, despite international concern, the practice continues.
  • 2.5K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Backpackers’ Tourism and Health
Backpackers are an unusual category of travellers. Their unique mobility patterns, spatial practices, and the areas they travel through expose them to health situations that remain largely unexplored to date. 
  • 273
  • 26 Jan 2024
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