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Topic Review
Emirate
An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arabic or Islamic monarch-styled emir.
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Emotion and Learning
Students’ affective states describe their engagement, concentration, attitude, motivation, happiness, sadness, frustration, off-task behavior, and confusion level in learning. In online learning, students’ affective states are determinative of the learning quality. 
  • 235
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Emotion Regulation and Sleep
Emotion regulation refers to the process by which an individual influences the nature of his or her emotions and how emotions are experienced and expressed. Sleep deprivation may even impede the effectiveness of adaptive emotion regulation, such as distraction and cognitive reappraisal, consequently impacting emotional well-being.
  • 576
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Emotion Regulation in Autobiographical Memories
When facing a negative event, people implement different strategies to regulate ongoing emotions. Although the previous literature has suggested that the emotional intensity of a negative episode is associated with the characteristics of the subsequent autobiographical memory, it is still unknown whether emotion regulation (ER) moderates this relationship. In the present study, we provided undergraduate students with a smartphone-based diary to report a negative episode immediately after its occurrence and rate the momentary use of two ER strategies: cognitive reappraisal and rumination. To explore autobiographical memory, two “surprise” recall tasks were performed one week and one month after the event. According to the results, cognitive reappraisal was linked with better memory performances, and a tendency to retrospectively underestimate the negativity of highly intense events was observed only in participants adopting high rates of this strategy. Conversely, intense rumination was found to be associated with less detailed memories of emotionally intense events, as well as with higher emotional involvement with negative episodes over time, regardless of their intensity. The results support the maladaptive role of rumination and the adaptive influence of cognitive reappraisal on autobiographical memory. 
  • 723
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; also known as behavioral and emotional disorders) refer to a disability classification used in educational settings that allows educational institutions to provide special education and related services to students who have displayed poor social and/or academic progress. The classification is often given to students after conducting a Functional Behavior Analysis. These students need individualized behavior supports such as a Behavior Intervention Plan, to receive a free and appropriate public education. Students with EBD may be eligible for an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) and/or accommodations in the classroom through a 504 Plan.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Emotional Availability during the COVID-19 Pandemic
While the body of literature on COVID-19’s impacts on family life is rapidly expanding, most studies are based entirely on self-report data, leaving a critical gap in observational studies of parent–child interactions.
  • 240
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Emotional Clarity and Emotional Intelligence Ability
Emotional clarity is one facet of emotional intelligence that refers to one’s meta-understanding of and ability to identify and describe feelings. The existing research has largely focused on trait (typical levels of) emotional clarity and its benefits for greater psychological well-being, more successful emotion regulation/coping, and diminished psychopathology. Emerging work is focused on characterizing the dynamic nature of emotion clarity in daily life which may provide insights into how emotional intelligence is engaged in everyday life. 
  • 278
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Emotional Labor and Burnout among Teachers
A significant amount of emotional labor and burnout takes place during teaching. Teaching is a multitasking profession that consists of both cognitive and emotional components, with teachers engaging in emotional labor on a daily basis as an instrumental part of achieving teaching goals and positive learning outcomes. 
  • 953
  • 28 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Emotions and Media Coverage in High-Carbon-Emitting Behavior
While the global poorest, who make up 50% of the world’s population, are most afflicted by the climate crisis, they contribute least to it in comparison with the global richest, who make up only one percent of the world’s population. The growing climate injustice should therefore be considered as a moral issue. The moral problem is that high polluters, usually the better-off, have many options to fall back on to mitigate the consequences of their behavior. For example, they have the financial means to protect themselves from climate change impacts (e.g., droughts and floods).
  • 307
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Empathy Gap
A hot-cold empathy gap is a cognitive bias in which people underestimate the influences of visceral drives on their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. The most important aspect of this idea is that human understanding is "state-dependent". For example, when one is angry, it is difficult to understand what it is like for one to be calm, and vice versa; when one is blindly in love with someone, it is difficult to understand what it is like for one not to be, (or to imagine the possibility of not being blindly in love in the future). Importantly, an inability to minimize one's gap in empathy can lead to negative outcomes in medical settings (e.g., when a doctor needs to accurately diagnose the physical pain of a patient), and in workplace settings (e.g., when an employer needs to assess the need for an employee's bereavement leave). Hot-cold empathy gaps can be analyzed according to their direction: They can also be classified in regards to their relation with time (past or future) and whether they occur intra- or inter-personally: The term hot-cold empathy gap was coined by Carnegie Mellon University psychologist George Loewenstein. Hot-cold empathy gaps are one of Loewenstein's major contributions to behavioral economics.
  • 385
  • 04 Nov 2022
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