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Topic Review
Urban Land Suitability
Urban land suitability could be evaluated from the aspects such as the imbalance of the existing land-use structure and function distribution, along with the scarcity of land resources, so as to provide people with more a rational use of land service space.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Cook-Medley Hostility Scale
The Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Ho) is a standard in psychology designed to measure an individual's personality and temperament, specifically degrees of hostility. Initially developed as a scale for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), scores from the hostility scale represent the individual's disposition towards cynicism and chronic hate. Scores from the scale have been used by studies as a predictor of the measured individual's risk of developing certain health problems as well as the success of their interpersonal relationships. Published by Walter W. Cook and Donald M. Medley in 1954, the scale has found extensive applications in defining hostility and aggression as a potential factor contributing to health and mortality. The scale's validity and reliability as a diagnosis, however, is still considered with a certain degree of controversy.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Nov 2022
Topic Review
MOOC 5.0
Massive Open Online Course 5.0 (MOOC 5.0), was introduced and discussed in a Research paper titled "MOOC 5.0: A Roadmap to the Future of Learning" published in 2022. Its features include better universal access, better learner engagement, adaptive learning, greater collaboration, security, and curiosity, which is being developed using Industry 4.0 technologies of the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning, Blockchain, Gamification Technologies, and the Metaverse and would incorporate the zones of ethics and humanism, while at the same time providing learners with a richer and more individualized experience.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Innovative and Competitive in Tourism Destinations
New tourism destinations and product supply are increasingly popular strategies among industry players to create competitiveness and sustaining the tourism industry. The tourism industry has become more vibrant since globalization emerged with technological changes, thus influencing human travel movements, life-styles, and current trends. 
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin D Scarcity in Arctic and  Tropical Peoples
Vitamin D metabolism differs among human populations because the species has adapted to different natural and cultural environments. Two environments are particularly difficult for the production of vitamin D by the skin: the Arctic, where the skin receives little solar UVB over the year; and the Tropics, where the skin is highly melanized and blocks UVB. In both cases, natural selection has favored the survival of those individuals who use vitamin D more efficiently or have some kind of workaround that ensures sufficient uptake of calcium and other essential minerals from food passing through the intestines. Vitamin D scarcity has either cultural or genetic solutions. Cultural solutions include consumption of meat in a raw or boiled state and extended breastfeeding of children. Genetic solutions include higher uptake of calcium from the intestines, higher rate of conversion of vitamin D to its most active form, stronger binding of vitamin D to carrier proteins in the bloodstream, and greater use of alternative metabolic pathways for calcium uptake. Because their bodies use vitamin D more sparingly, indigenous Arctic and Tropical peoples can be misdiagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and wrongly prescribed dietary supplements that may push their vitamin D level over the threshold of toxicity.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Derealization
Derealization is an alteration in the perception of the external world, causing sufferers to perceive it as unreal, distant, distorted or falsified. Other symptoms include feeling as if one's environment is lacking in spontaneity, emotional coloring, and depth. It is a dissociative symptom that may appear in moments of severe stress. Derealization is a subjective experience pertaining to a person's perception of the outside world, while depersonalization is a related symptom characterized by dissociation towards one's own body and mental processes. The two are commonly experienced in conjunction with one another, but are also known to occur independently. Chronic derealization is fairly rare, and may be caused by occipital–temporal dysfunction. Experiencing derealization for long periods of time or having recurring episodes can be indicative of many psychological disorders, and can cause significant distress among sufferers. However, temporary derealization symptoms are commonly experienced by the general population a few times throughout their lives, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 26-74% and a prevalence of 31–66% at the time of a traumatic event.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Disability Studies
Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability. Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. This premise gave rise to two distinct models of disability: the social and medical models of disability. In 1999 the social model was universally accepted as the model preferred by the field. However, in recent years, the division between the social and medical models has been challenged. Additionally, there has been an increased focus on interdisciplinary research. For example, recent investigations suggest using "cross-sectional markers of stratification" may help provide new insights on the non-random distribution of risk factors capable of acerbating disablement processes.[clarification needed] Disability studies courses include work in disability history, theory, legislation, policy, ethics, and the arts. However, students are taught to focus on the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities in practical terms. The field is focused on increasing individuals with disabilities access to civil rights and improving their quality of life. Disability studies emerged in the 1980s primarily in the US, the UK, and Canada. In 1986, the Section[clarification needed] for the Study of Chronic Illness, Impairment, and Disability of the Social Science Association (United States) was renamed the Society for Disability Studies. The first US disabilities studies program emerged in 1994, at Syracuse University. The first edition of the Disabilities Studies Reader (one of the first collections of academic papers related to disability studies) was published in 1997. The field grew rapidly over the next ten years. In 2005, the Modern Language Association established disability studies as a "division of study". While Disability Studies primarily emerged in the US, the UK and Canada, disability studies were also conducted in other countries through different lens. For instance Germany, looks at Queer Disability Studies since the beginning of the early 20th century. The Disability Studies in Germany are influenced by the written literary works of feminist sexologist who study how being disabled affects one's sexuality and ability to feel pleasure. In Norway, Disability Studies are focused in the literary context. A variation emerged in 2017 with the first Accessibility Studies program at Central Washington Univeristy with an interdisciplinary focus on social justice, universal design and international Web Accessibility Guidelines (WAG3) as a general education knowledge base.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Popular Culture
Popular culture refers to the set of ideas, practices, images, and phenomena that are prevalent and widely accepted within a society at a given point in time. It encompasses various aspects of daily life, including entertainment, fashion, music, sports, and technology, reflecting the shared interests and preferences of the general public. Popular culture is dynamic and evolves over time, influenced by social, political, and technological developments, making it a key area of study within the realm of social science.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
People with Intellectual Disability in Nigeria
Intellectual disability (ID) is an emerging field of research in Nigeria. According to Maulik et al., the highest prevalence of people with an intellectual disability (ID) are seen in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In 2018, the World Health Organization estimated that 29 million people in Nigeria were living with a disability. Nigeria signed the United Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and ratified its optional Protocol in 2010—an attempt to protect the rights of disabled people and, in January 2019, passed the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act 2018.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Canada’s Open Work Permit for Vulnerable Workers Policy
In June 2019, the Government of Canada implemented the Open work permit for vulnerable workers (OWP-V) policy, authorizing immigration officers to issue open work permits to migrant workers on employer-specific work permits if they demonstrate reasonable grounds to believe that they are experiencing abuse or are at risk of abuse in their workplace. Drawing on research conducted by a community organization on the impact of the policy, the policy’s potential to remedy the problematic effects of the employer-specific work permit and whether it has been implemented efficiently are examined here. The research concludes that the OWP-V policy cannot be expected to counteract the high risk of abuse imposed on workers through the employer-specific work permit. Numerous barriers were identified that make it difficult for migrant workers to apply for the permit. The small number of OWP-V permits issued in proportion to the number of employers authorized to hire migrant workers makes it unlikely that the policy will significantly impact employers’ propensity to comply with the program conditions.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Apr 2022
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