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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Monitoring the Progress of Doctoral Students
Doctoral students, graduate students, or postgraduate researchers (PGRs) are those students who undertake a research degree culminating in a thesis of original work. In this entry-level paper, they will generally be referred to as PGRs, as this demonstrates the importance of their contribution to the global research culture. In the UK, doctorates, usually a PhD but also professional doctorates, are typically three to four years in length full-time or six years part-time and are undertaken as an individual study. Research degrees are therefore unlike undergraduate and master’s programmes as they are not taught in a classroom with other students. PGRs can therefore suffer from an isolating student experience. Student monitoring refers to systems which track PGR engagement, progress and attendance. They can therefore be used to ensure that the PGR is present on the programme and submitting work, often in accordance with pre-set deadlines. Although doctorates internationally do have many similarities, there are also significant differences. This entry manuscript will be focused on UK doctoral study, although references will be made to the international stage as appropriate.
  • 589
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Smart City
Cities, as dynamic living centers and hubs of production and consumption, play an essential role in the global economy, are major contributors to the world’s GDP, and serve as arenas for political and social changes. Effectively managed cities can benefit residents by generating economies of scale through shared amenities, fostering health and well-being. Cities not only leverage industries’ creativity and help firms to innovate, but also serve as cultural incubators that determine livability and attract, retain, and nurture the segment of the creative labor force needed to succeed in the new economy. Sustainable Smart Cities have a significant potential to ensure equal access to public services, achieve sustainability and governance transparency, improve livability, and anticipate and mitigate increasingly changing threats. 
  • 191
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
21st Century Skills and Mobile-Technology-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning
The development of 21st-century skills is paramount. Among these skills, which encompass collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity, Mobile-Technology-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning (mIBL) in Science Education emerges as a potent method for their enhancement.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Youth Entrepreneurship Platform Returning to Hometown in China
The construction of business incubator platforms to assist young people who return to their hometowns to launch their own enterprises is urgently needed because youth entrepreneurship is seen as a crucial component of rural revitalization. Based on this, the authors of this study distributed surveys to 468 returning youths in rural startup spaces to gather data, built a structural model, and conducted interviews with 13 entrepreneurial youths to examine the relationship between government policies, services, and the design of rural startup spaces, as well as the self-efficacy of returning entrepreneurial youths and the innovation performance of businesses. The results demonstrate how important government policies are in encouraging youth entrepreneurship in their local communities. It has the potential to enhance both the development of rural crowdsourcing spaces and the self-efficacy of young entrepreneurs, thereby enhancing the innovative capabilities of local entrepreneurial businesses. Therefore, in order to encourage economic development in rural areas, the government should improve pertinent support measures, enhance the development of business incubation platforms, and encourage young people moving back to their hometowns to start their own businesses.
  • 517
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Parent‒Child Relationship and Neuroticism and Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness and neuroticism, the integral parts of the widely recognized Big Five personality model, play contrasting roles in adolescent mental health. Conscientiousness typically refers to an individual’s tendencies toward diligence, self-discipline, caution and self-control, while neuroticism manifests as emotional traits, such as anxiety, depression, hostility, inhibition and vulnerability. 
  • 197
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
University–Industry Collaboration in Postgraduate Education
The training of professional degree postgraduates in universities of applied sciences is essential in meeting the needs of industry and society. Postgraduates have a high degree of recognition of university–industry collaboration, but the main dissatisfaction lies in the alignment between enterprise practice and professional learning. To enhance the quality of training, universities should prioritize practice-oriented approaches that emphasize engineering practice throughout the entire training process, optimize the university–industry collaboration mechanism, and strengthen the construction of “double supervisor” faculties.
  • 292
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Use of Mobile Digital Technology for Digital Equity
During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote online mobile teaching and learning were introduced, globally, to ensure that education continued. The transition to online mobile teaching and learning did not alter society’s expectation of education institutions to provide their students equitable, quality education and life-long learning opportunities so that they can become critical responsible citizens capable of solving contextual problems in their local. Mobile digital equity means that all students, irrespective of their socioeconomic and cultural background, locale or history, can participate and engage with mobile digital technologies to improve their opportunities in life.
  • 131
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Occupational Stress, Mental Health and COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic led to serious psychological consequences that negatively affect workers’ mental health, leading to post-traumatic symptoms. In this scenario, employees may be exposed to multiple stressors that ultimately drain their resources. 
  • 179
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Research Trends of Protected Areas and Nature-Based Tourism
Nature-based tourism (NBT) represents a significant sector within global tourism, which may represent approximately 20% of the global tourism market. In parallel, many natural areas and ecosystems are threatened by challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic activities, calling into question their sustainability.
  • 543
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Behavioural Insights in Corporate Sustainability Research
As a plethora of sustainability challenges are rooted in human behaviour. The ABCD (attention, belief formation, choice, determination) approach, which is meant to assist policy-makers in analysing and diagnosing behavioural problems at an individual level, has been adopted into the corporate context. 
  • 163
  • 13 Nov 2023
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