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Topic Review
Definition and Mechanistic Description of Urban-Rural Integration Development
Urban-rural integration has been found to be an inevitable trend in the development of urban-rural relations and a vital measure to tackle the unbalanced and uncoordinated development between urban and rural areas. The urban–rural relationship is a vital issue in human social development and has aroused wide attention from scholars worldwide. Urban-rural integration is an advanced stage in the development of urban-rural relations and reflects the evolution of urban-rural relations, which can be traced back to the urban-rural development concept of the ideal socialists.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Influencing Factors on Carbon Trading Price in China
Carbon emission trading market construction is an important policy tool to promote the realization of China’s “double carbon” goal. However, problems still exist, such as the lack of market trading vitality, the large difference in carbon trading prices between the eight pilot markets and the instability of the prices. In order to explore the key influencing factors on carbon trading prices, 15 factors were selected to study in detail according to the policy, green industry, economy and environment. Taking China’s eight pilot carbon trading markets as research subjects, the researchers explored the correlation degree of each factor by using the improved gray relational analysis model (GRAM) from the two dimensions of space and time. The research results show that from the space dimension, the industrial development level, development degree of low-carbon industries, air pollution degree and green technology maturity are the main factors that affect the carbon trading price in the eight pilot areas. Meanwhile, from the time dimension, the correlation degree between various factors and carbon trading price both showed a downward trend as a whole, and the fluctuation of the correlation degree of individual factors was different from the overall trend. In conclusion, the researchers can put forward recommendations on the pricing mechanism of the carbon trading market after this comprehensive research.
  • 642
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Factors Influencing Choices Intention of Online Learning COVID-19
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, online learning has become the norm. Primary school students require parental assistance and supervision due to their lack of digital media capabilities and safety concerns. Online learning experiences during the pandemic will affect future parents' choices of online learning, so it is necessary to further clarify the key factors influencing parents' perceptions and attitudes towards online learning during the pandemic. In the post-pandemic era, blended learning, which combines traditional school learning with online learning, is likely to become a common and acceptable way of learning, and parents may face multiple choices of their parents' way of learning.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Waste Treatment and Disposal in the European Union
Disposal via landfill has historically been the dominant method of municipal waste treatment and disposal in the European Union (EU). The EU’s Waste Framework Directive of 1975 (Council Directive 75/442/EEC) introduced the waste hierarchy into European waste policy for the first time, emphasising the importance of waste minimisation. Implementation of the waste hierarchy was optional to member states; but there was an expectation that it would be included within national waste management legislation. The waste hierarchy is a guiding principle that gives top priority to preventing waste; when waste is created, it gives priority to direct re-use, recycling, recovery methods, such as energy recovery, and last of all disposal (Council Directive 2008/98/EC).
  • 678
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Community-Based Tourism in Central Asia
Community-based tourism (CBT) is conceived as a form of relatively low-scale tourism that is managed by a group of locally owned businesses to benefit the community and, in some cases, contribute to conservation (when taking place in or near protected areas) . It is marketed as a means of enhancing livelihoods and creating opportunities for community development and is defined as being in, owned, and managed by the community, which receives a sizable portion of the benefits.
  • 933
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Solar Home Systems and Human Wellbeing in Africa
Solar home systems are being increasingly used for energy access in Africa, and claims have been made about their ability to enhance human wellbeing. These systems will continue to play a role in Africa’s energy landscape in the foreseeable future due to limited access to and uncertainties related to centralised grid electrification for a significant segment of the population.
  • 461
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Education on Renewable Energy in Secondary Schools
Education is key to advancing a society that can achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One SDG is shifting energy consumption from fossil fuels to renewable energy (RE) sources to reduce environmental damage and prevent global warming. Awareness must be instilled among citizens at an early age (as early as secondary school) to motivate students to pursue higher education and careers in RE concepts and technologies.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Sexual Violence in Portuguese College Students
Sexual violence (SV) covers a wide range of behaviors of a sexual nature and a plurality of contexts in which it can occur. Overall, SV can be defined as nonconsensual sexual acts . It is important to stress that such behaviors are not limited to the perpetration of rape, as that represents the extreme of a wide spectrum of sexually aggressive behaviors. Behaviors of attempted nonconsensual sexual contact or abusive sexual contact (e.g., unwanted touching), and of non-contact sexual abuse (e.g., verbal sexual harassment) are also included in the definition of sexual violence.
  • 305
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Society, Work and Precarity
One of sociology’s core tasks is to explain how societies work and change. Work plays a crucial and fundamental role in the formation of societies and is also a major driver of social change. It is therefore of key sociological interest to understand how work creates and changes the social conditions we call societies. However, work also creates different levels of freedom and equality; which manifest as different types and degrees of precarity in what I call ‘work societies'.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Climate Security
Climate security refers to the protection of countries and societies from conflicts and riots caused by climate change. As climate change becomes more apparent, climate security has been vigorously debated in the international community.
  • 536
  • 22 Jul 2022
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