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Topic Review
Nuclear Symmetry Energy
Nuclear symmetry energy is a measure of the energy cost to make nuclear systems more neutron rich. It depends on the density of the system. Information about the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy has broad ramifications on the mechanisms of supernova explosions, properties of neutron stars and gravitational waves from their mergers. It is also important for understanding properties of nuclei as well as the dynamics and products of their collisions in laboratory experiments. 
  • 3.1K
  • 03 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
A description of standard NMR experiments along with some examples.
  • 2.9K
  • 03 Nov 2020
Biography
Boris Stoyanov
Boris Stoyanov is a theoretical physicist working on Membrane Theory, Supergravity and Superstring Theory. He is the Principal and Permanent Member of SUGRA INSTITUTE, Executive Director of BRANE HEPLAB and the Giordano Bruno Professor of Membrane Theory at DARK MODULI INSTITUTE. Boris Stoyanov is a relatively young theoretical physicist dealing with the exclusive theories of supergravity, super
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals
Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals (Radiotheranostics) is a term in the medical field to define the combination of therapeutic and diagnostic techniques by a suitable radiopharmaceutical agent. Radionuclides are isotopes that emit radiation or have excess nuclear energy, making them chemically unstable and tend to change into another atom. Various types of radiation can be emitted by radionuclides e.g. alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma energy. In radiotheranostics, a pharmaceutical agent (drug) is needed to be a carrier molecule that introduces the radionuclide to its target. Radionuclides are then used as a source of radiation in radiotheranostics that are responsible for diagnosing or treating various diseases.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Cosmogenic Activation
       The cosmogenic activation of materials is the production of radioactive isotopes due to the exposure to cosmic rays. On the Earth's surface, spallation induced by cosmic neutrons is responsible of most of the activation, but other reactions and cosmic ray components must be considered too in other conditions, like if materials are flown at high altitudes or stored deep underground.        Cosmogenic activation is relevant in different contexts; for example, together with primordial or anthropogenic radioactivity, it s a background source in experiments devoted to the investigation of rare event phenomena, like the direct detection of dark matter particles or the nuclear double beta decay. 
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Biography
Barbara Jacak
Barbara Jacak is a nuclear physicist who uses heavy ion collisions for fundamental studies of hot, dense nuclear matter. She is Director of the Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a professor of Physics at UC Berkeley.[1] Before going to Berkeley, she was a member of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University, where she held the rank of Dis
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Biography
Clyde Cowan
Clyde Lorrain Cowan Jr (December 6, 1919 in Detroit, Michigan – May 24, 1974 in Bethesda, Maryland) was an American physicist, the co-discoverer of the neutrino along with Frederick Reines. The discovery was made in 1956 in the neutrino experiment.[1] Frederick Reines received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 in both their names. Born the oldest of four children in Detroit, Michigan, Cowa
  • 969
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mining for Gluon Saturation
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons collectively called partons, the basic constituents of all nuclear matter. Its non-abelian character manifests in nature in the form of two remarkable properties: color confinement and asymptotic freedom. At high energies, perturbation theory can result in the growth and dominance of very gluon densities at small-x. If left uncontrolled, this growth can result in gluons eternally growing violating a number of mathematical bounds. The resolution to this problem lies by balancing gluon emissions by recombinating gluons at high energies : phenomena of gluon saturation. High energy nuclear and particle physics experiments have spent the past decades quantifying the structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents confirming predicted extraordinary behavior of matter at extreme density and pressure conditions. In the process they have also measured seemingly unexpected phenomena. We will give a state of the art review of the underlying theoretical and experimental tools and measurements pertinent to gluon saturation physics. We will argue for the need of high energy electron-proton/ion colliders such as the proposed EIC (USA) and LHeC (Europe) to consolidate our knowledge of QCD in the small x kinematic domains. 
  • 781
  • 02 Sep 2021
Biography
Hans Kopfermann
Hans Kopfermann (26 April 1895, in Breckenheim near Wiesbaden – 28 January 1963, in Heidelberg) was a Germany atomic and nuclear physicist. He devoted his entire career to spectroscopic investigations, and he did pioneering work in measuring nuclear spin. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. Kopfermann began his studies at the
  • 762
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Role of Uranium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Uranium was discovered in 1789 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. It is the most known and used actinide element mainly because of its usage in nuclear fuel processing; however, the application potential of uranium compounds is much broader, stretching, e.g., into the field of organometallic synthesis, catalysis and beyond. Moreover, uranium is one of the few naturally occurring actinides, whereas the other members, with the exception of thorium, are considered to be human-made, despite their natural occurrence in traces as a result of uranium and thorium spontaneous fissions. In nature, uranium occurs as three main isotopes, where the non-fissile 238U is the most abundant, encompassing over 99% of the available uranium resources.
  • 758
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation
Volpe IV is defined as intraventricular hemorrhage combined with venous infarction) and probably lead to posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD). Severe IVH and subsequent PHVD have become the leading causes of brain injury and neurodevelopmental dysplasia in preterm infants. Researchers reviewed the literature on the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for PHVD and provide some recommendations for management to improve the neurological outcomes.
  • 581
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System for Fast Charging Stations
The transportation sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity as a solution to reduce emissions, but the high load of charging stations poses a challenge to the power grid. Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems (N-RHES) present a promising alternative to support fast charging stations, reduce grid dependency, and decrease emissions. However, the intermittent problem of renewable energy sources (RESs) limits their application, and the synergies among different technologies have not been fully exploited. The researchers propose a predictive and adaptive control strategy to optimize the energy management of N-RHES for fast charging stations, considering the integration of nuclear, photovoltaics, and wind turbine energy with a hydrogen storage fuel cell system. The proposed dynamic model of a fast-charging station predicts electricity consumption behavior during charging processes, generating probabilistic forecasting of electricity consumption time-series profiling. Key performance indicators and sensitivity analyses illustrate the practicability of the suggested system, which offers a comprehensive solution to provide reliable, sustainable, and low-emission energy to fast-charging stations while reducing emissions and dependency on the power grid.
  • 521
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The 1H HR-NMR Methods for the Evaluation of the Stability, Quality, Authenticity, and Shelf Life of Foods
1H High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical methodology used in various fields, including food science. In the food science field, NMR combined with the principles of metabolomics can provide detailed information about a food’s molecular composition, structure, dynamics, and interactions within food matrices, making it invaluable for assessing changes during storage, processing, and shelf life. This entry aims to list the main applications of one-dimensional 1H HR-NMR methods in the field of food science, such as their use in the assessment of the stability, quality, authenticity, and shelf life of food samples. Several kinds of foods are taken into consideration to give a huge overview of the potentiality of the methods.
  • 78
  • 30 Oct 2024
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