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Topic Review
Influenza A Virus Subtypes in Chile
The influenza A virus (IAV) poses a significant global threat to public health and food security. Chile’s encounter with IAV began in 2002, with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N3 virus, derived from a unique South American low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus. 
  • 261
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cetacean Strandings in Chile between 2015 and 2020
Strandings caused by anthropogenic factors are one of the most worrying threats in relation to the conservation of cetacean species, and in the case of Chile, due to its geography and large extension of the coastline, monitoring and access to these events is difficult, making their study more complex. According to the Chilean government official database, researchers described that the main causes of unusual mortality events (UME) and mass strandings from 2015 and 2016 were acute poisoning by biotoxins and strandings by multiple possible causes, respectively, while individual strandings would have their causes in anthropogenic activities, such as entanglements in fishing and aquaculture gears and collisions with vessels. The predominant species in mass strandings was the sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). The geographical area of greatest prominence in mass strandings was the Aysén Region in the Central Patagonia of Chile, while the species mostly involved in individual strandings along the south-central, central, and northern coasts of Chile was the small porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis). The most common gross pathological findings were advance decay of the carcasses and non-specific wounds of different natures.
  • 251
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Coxiella burnetii Infection in Cats
Coxiella burnetii is the etiologic agent of the zoonosis called Q fever. The disease was first described in Australia in 1935 by Edward Holbrook Derrick who investigated a disease in a group of abattoir workers in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The “Q” comes from “query” fever, as named by Derrick.
  • 243
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
N-3 FattyAcids as a Nutritional Support of Cattle
Fatty acids (FAs) play a key role in the reproduction of dairy cows and the health status and body condition of cows during the periparturient period, as well as fetus developmental programming and embryo development, and the immunity of newborn calves.
  • 219
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ribonucleic Acid Degradation and Diagnostic Testing
Successful downstream molecular analyses of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) in diagnostic laboratories, e.g., reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or next-generation sequencing, are dependent on the quality of the RNA in the specimen. In swine specimens, preserving the integrity of RNA requires proper sample handling at the time the sample is collected on the farm, during transport, and in the laboratory until RNA extraction is performed. Options for proper handling are limited to maintaining the cold chain or using commercial specimen storage matrices.
  • 216
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Rabbits as Animal Models for Anti-Tick Vaccine Development
Studies evaluating candidate tick-derived proteins as anti-tick vaccines in natural hosts have been limited due to high costs. To overcome this problem, animal models are used in immunization tests. The most commonly used rabbit breeds were New Zealand (73.8%), Japanese white (19%), Californians (4.8%) and Flemish lop-eared (2.4%) rabbits. Anti-tick vaccines efficacy resulted in up to 99.9%. Haemaphysalis longicornis (17.9%) and Ornithodoros moubata (12.8%) were the most common tick models in vaccination trials. Experiments with rabbits have revealed that some proteins (CoAQP, OeAQP, OeAQP1, Bm86, GST-Hl, 64TRP, serpins and voraxin) can induce immune responses against various tick species. 
  • 202
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Immune Responses Potentially Involved in Brucella-Induced Pregnancy Complications
Infection by Brucella species in pregnant animals and humans is associated with an increased risk of abortion, preterm birth, and transmission of the infection to the offspring. The pathogen has a marked tropism for the placenta and the pregnant uterus and has the ability to invade and replicate within cells of the maternal–fetal unit, including trophoblasts and decidual cells. Placentitis is a common finding in infected pregnant animals. Several proinflammatory factors have been found to be increased in both the placenta of Brucella-infected animals and in trophoblasts or decidual cells infected in vitro. As normal pregnancies require an anti-inflammatory placental environment during most of the gestational period, Brucella-induced placentitis is thought to be associated with the obstetric complications of brucellosis.
  • 202
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteric coronavirus, which is one of the main causative agents of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), with 100% morbidity and 80–100% mortality in neonatal piglets. Since 2010, large-scale PED caused by highly pathogenic variants of PEDV has occurred successively in China and other countries in the world, posing a great threat to the global pig industry.
  • 202
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Endocrine Diseases in Donkeys
Hyperlipemia, defined as abnormally high blood triglyceride concentrations, is the most common metabolic disease in donkeys. In contrast, metabolic syndrome, insulin dysregulation (ID) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) are the most common endocrine disorders in this species. Although diagnostic approaches for these conditions are similar to horses, donkey-specific protocols must be used.
  • 182
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Dog DEA 1 prevalance in Luanda (Angola)
Prevalence of dog blood groups varies geographically and between breeds. In dogs, the risk of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction at the first transfusion is negligible; however, mismatched transfusions may produce alloimmunization. To avoid fatal acute hemolytic reactions in subsequent blood transfusions, it´s important to recognize blood groups and to blood type both the donor and the recipient. this work describes for the first time the DEA 1 prevalence in a canine population in Luanda (Angola) and evaluates the alloimmunization risk after an incompatible blood transfusion.
  • 59
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Hematological Reference Intervals in Miranda's Donkey
The Miranda’s donkey is a Portuguese breed from northern Portugal considered endangered. Several researches in different scientific areas have been conducted to help in these animals preservation. The knowledge of hematological reference intervals is important to characterize the breed, identify the health status of the animals and help veterinarians in the diagnosis of diseases and follow-up of patients. This study aimed to determine the hematological reference intervals for healthy Miranda’s donkeys and to evaluate the interference of sex and age in these parameters. Only age interfered in the hematological values and should be considered when interpreting the results. The results described here can be used to assess the health of animals and herds, guide the diagnosis of diseases and assist in the selection of healthy animals for reproduction, contributing to the preservation of the breed.
  • 56
  • 23 Sep 2024
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