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Topic Review
Sobi2
Sobi2 (formerly written as SOBI2) is the abbreviation of Sigsiu Online Business Index 2. Sobi2 is a free of charge open source web directory component and content construction kit (CCK) for the Joomla! content management system (CMS). Sobi2 is written in the programming language PHP, also makes use of Javascript and requires the MySQL database environment for storage. It is best suited for low to medium-level traffic web-sites. Sobi2's development has been discontinued in 2011, when its successor, SobiPro comes out. Sobi2 was listed in the Joomla! Extensions Directory until all extensions for Joomla! 1.5 were removed in 2013. The listing still can be found in the Web Archive. As a component for Joomla! (up to version 1.5), Sobi2 made it possible to run and manage a directory in a Joomla! website. Sobi2 has features that made it stand out from other directory components at that time. It could be used as a web directory or as a directory to physical locations, like golf courses. It has a built-in integration with Google Maps (API key from Google is required). Sobi2 was built with a modular concept, where additional functionality was added via plug-ins. The Joomla extensions directory listed over 80 plug-ins for Sobi2 at that time.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Lewy Body Dementia
Lewy body dementia (LBD, or Lewy body disorder) is an umbrella term that encompasses two similar dementias, both of which are characterized by abnormal deposits of the protein alpha-synuclein in the brain: The two conditions have similar features, may have similar causes, and can be viewed as part of a spectrum. As of 2014, they were more often misdiagnosed than any other common dementia.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ATI Video Card Suffixes
ATI video cards can have one of multiple suffixes attached to their name indicating relative level of performance, the use of suffixes was abandoned with the release of Radeon HD 3000 series products, the last two digits of the model number was then used to indicate relative performance of the products, except for the "X2" suffix indicating dual-GPU solutions, such that the product has two GPUs on one PCB. Below is the listing of the suffixes used in previous generations of products, in order from least powerful (at the top) to the most powerful. (at the bottom) Not all suffixes will be found on a particular line of cards.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery System for Phytochemical Compounds
According to the literature, 70% of the active ingredients obtained from plants are hydrophobic. New technology has been used as a strategy to increase the bioavailability/bioactivity of phytochemical compounds. In order to develop new nanotechnology-based therapies, the ability to design suitable formulations for drug delivery is of the utmost importance. Phytochemical delivery is essential for effective disease prevention and treatment. These delivery systems include lipid-based delivery systems and polymer-based delivery systems, which have the potential to increase the bioactivity of phytochemical compounds.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Fundamentals of Organic Anode Materials
Redox-active organic anode materials are endowed with obvious advantages, such as low cost, structural diversity, environmental friendliness, outstanding flexibility in their molecular design, low weight, and higher theoretical capacity, which can meet the rising demand for the energy density of next-generation battery systems. In contrast to inorganic compounds, organic materials are mainly composed of such chemical elements that are widely distributed in nature (e.g., C, H, O, N, S). 
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biocontrol Agents against Root-Knot Nematodes
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary endoparasites that cause severe economic losses to agricultural crops globally. Due to the regulations of the European Union on the application of nematicides, it is crucial now to discover eco-friendly control strategies for nematode management. Biocontrol is one such safe and reliable method for managing these polyphagous nematodes. Biocontrol agents not only control these parasitic nematodes but also improve plant growth and induce systemic resistance in plants against a variety of biotic stresses. A wide range of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans live in their natural mode as nematode antagonists.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Paramagnetic Meissner Effect (PME)
When cooling a superconductor in a magnetic field below the transition temperature, Tc, the material characteristically tries to expel the magnetic flux due to the induced shielding currents (often also called Meissner currents). When measuring the magnetic moment, m(T), in this situation a diamagnetic signal (m = negative) appears. This so-called Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect is one of the two hallmarks of superconductivity besides the zero resistance and represents the strongest proof if a material is a true superconductor. However, in the literature there are also superconducting materials which show an appearing paramagnetic (positive m) signal below Tc when measuring m(T) in small applied magnetic fields. This so-called Paramagnetic Meissner Effect (PME) or Wohlleben effect was first observed in bulk, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 high- Tc superconducting (HTSc) materials, and subsequently as big surprise also in conventional Nb superconductors. Since then, PME was found in many more metallic and HTSc materials, having various shapes (bulks, crystals, thin films), and various aspect ratios and compositions, including multilayers and doped materials.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Accessibility and Sustainability in Context of Healthcare Platforms
A health platform is an IT system that provides a common infrastructure for delivering healthcare services. Organizations, including hospitals, clinics, home care providers, and governments, can use healthcare platforms. Examples of healthcare platforms include electronic health records (EHRs) and computer systems that store patients’ medical information, including health records, test results, and medications.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements
Dielectric properties are crucial in understanding the behavior of water within soil, particularly the soil water content (SWC), as they measure a material’s ability to store an electric charge and are influenced by water and other minerals in the soil. However, a comprehensive review paper is needed that synthesizes the latest developments in this field, identifies the key challenges and limitations, and outlines future research directions. In addition, various factors, such as soil salinity, temperature, texture, probing space, installation gap, density, clay content, sampling volume, and environmental factors, influence the measurement of the dielectric permittivity of the soil. Therefore, this review aims to address the research gap by critically analyzing the current state-of-the-art dielectric properties-based methods for SWC measurements. The motivation for this review is the increasing importance of precise SWC data for various applications such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and hydrological studies. We examine time domain reflectometry (TDR), frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), remote sensing (RS), and capacitance, which are accurate and cost-effective, enabling real-time water resource management and soil health understanding through measuring the travel time of electromagnetic waves in soil and the reflection coefficient of these waves. SWC can be estimated using various approaches, such as TDR, FDR, GPR, and microwave-based techniques. These methods are made possible by increasing the dielectric permittivity and loss factor with SWC. The available dielectric properties are further synthesized based on mathematical models relating apparent permittivity to water content, providing an updated understanding of their development, applications, and monitoring. It also analyzes recent mathematical calibration models, applications, algorithms, challenges, and trends in dielectric permittivity methods for estimating SWC.
  • 1.6K
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 and RBPs
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a worldwide public health emergency. Due to the constantly evolving nature of the coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2-mediated alterations on post-transcriptional gene regulations across human tissues remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed publicly available genomic datasets to systematically dissect the crosstalk and dysregulation of the human post-transcriptional regulatory networks governed by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and micro-RNAs (miRs) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We uncovered that 13 out of 29 SARS-CoV-2-encoded proteins directly interacted with 51 human RBPs, of which the majority of them were abundantly expressed in gonadal tissues and immune cells. We further performed a functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in mock-treated versus SARS-CoV-2-infected lung cells that revealed enrichment for the immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling, and metabolism-associated genes. This study also characterized the alternative splicing events in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells compared to the control, demonstrating that skipped exons and mutually exclusive exons were the most abundant events that potentially contributed to differential outcomes in response to the viral infection. A motif enrichment analysis on the RNA genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 clearly revealed the enrichment for RBPs such as SRSFs, PCBPs, ELAVs, and HNRNPs, suggesting the sponging of RBPs by the SARS-CoV-2 genome. 
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Tritordeum
Hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between the wild barley Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. 
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Painful Legs and Moving Toes
Painful Legs and Moving Toes syndrome (PLMT) is a rare neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary and irregular movements of one or more toes, often together, with moderate to severe diffuse pain at the foot and leg. It can appear on one or both sides and in the upper limbs as well as lower limbs. The etiology of PLMT is still unclear; therefore, the main symptoms of PLMT, including pain in limbs as well as involuntary movements of toes, can be treated only symptomatically, and the outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Central or peripheral nerve injuries have been assumed to be the possible causes of irregular involuntary movements, often accompanied by chronic pain; however, its etiology is unknown in most cases. The management of PLMT is very difficult because of its rare prevalence and obscure pathogenesis, and there have been no clear guidelines for the treatment of PLMT. Oral medications (e.g., GABAergic agents, benzodiazepines, antiepileptics, antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, beta-blockers, corticosteroids, cannabis, calcitonin, and analgesics) and several therapeutic interventions (e.g., local botulinum neurotoxin-A injection, spinal cord stimulation, anesthetic, and surgical interventions) have been recommended, based on individual experiences from several cases. Its etiology, pathogenesis, and effective treatments should be further discussed.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Diffuse axonal injuries (DAI) are the result of strong rotational and translational forces on the brain parenchyma, leading to cerebral oedema and neuronal death. DAI is typically characterized by coma without focal lesions at presentation and is defined by localized axonal damage in multiple regions of the brain parenchyma, often causing impairment of cognitive and neuro-vegetative function.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Saturn V Dynamic Test Vehicle
Saturn V Dynamic Test Vehicle, designated SA-500D, is a prototype Saturn V rocket used by NASA to test the performance of the rocket when vibrated to simulate the shaking which subsequent rockets would experience during launch. It was the first full-scale Saturn V completed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Though SA-500D never flew, it was instrumental in the development of the Saturn V rocket which propelled the first men to the Moon as part of the Apollo program. Built under the direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun, it served as the test vehicle for all of the Saturn support facilities at MSFC. SA-500D is the only Saturn V on display that was used for its intended purpose, and the only one to have been assembled prior to museum display. It is on permanent display at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic disorder of the nervous system which is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes. TLE is the most common form of epilepsy with focal seizures. A focal seizure in the temporal lobe may spread to other areas in the brain when it may become a focal to bilateral seizure. TLE is diagnosed by taking a medical history, blood tests, and brain imaging. It can have a number of causes such as head injury, stroke, brain infections, structural lesions in the brain, or brain tumors, or it can be of unknown onset. The first line of treatment is through anticonvulsants. Surgery may be an option, especially when there is an observable abnormality in the brain. Another treatment option is electrical stimulation of the brain through an implanted device called the vagus nerve stimulator (VNS).
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Option
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option. Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option. Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Structure, Properties, and Synthesis of SnWO4
Stannous tungstate (SnWO4), which is a potential catalyst due to its narrow band gap, suitable band position, and nontoxicity.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Removal of Oil Pollutants in Soil
Oil-contaminated soil is one of the most concerning problems due to its potential damage to humans, animals, and the environment. In recent years, surfactant foam and nanoparticles have shown high removal of oil pollutants from contaminated soil. Researchers provide an overview on the remediation of oil pollutants in soil using nanoparticles, surfactant foams, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams. In particular, the fate and transport of oil compounds in the soil, the interaction of nanoparticles and surfactant foam, the removal mechanisms of nanoparticles and various surfactant foams, the effect of some factors (e.g., soil characteristics and amount, nanoparticle properties, surfactant concentration) on remediation efficiency, and some advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Composite Formation for Dielectric Properties of Polymers
Polymer blend or composite, which is a combination of two or more polymers and fillers such as semiconductors, metals, metal oxides, salts and ceramics, are a synthesized product facilitating improved, augmented or customized properties, and have widespread applications for the achievement of functional materials. Polymer materials with embedded inorganic fillers are significantly appealing for challenging and outstanding electric, dielectric, optical and mechanical applications involving magnetic features. In particular, a polymer matrix exhibiting large values of dielectric constant (ε′) with suitable thermal stability and low dielectric constant values of polymer blend, having lesser thermal stability, together offer significant advantages in electronic packaging and other such applications in different fields.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Fra-1/AP-1 Oncoprotein
Among components of the AP-1 complex, the FOS-family transcription factor Fra-1, encoded by FOSL1, has emerged as a prominent therapeutic target. Fra-1 is overexpressed in most solid tumors, in response to the BRAF-MAPK, Wnt-beta-catenin, Hippo-YAP, IL-6-Stat3, and other major oncogenic pathways. In vitro functional analyses, validated in onco-mouse models and corroborated by prognostic correlations, show that Fra-1-containing dimers control tumor growth and disease progression. Fra-1 participates in key mechanisms of cancer cell invasion, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, and metastatic spreading, by driving the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors, cytokines, and microRNAs.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 May 2023
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