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Topic Review
Quantum Dots
Quantum dots (QDs) are an advanced nanomaterial technology deem to be useful in clinical and biomedical applications. QDs have given a big impact in biomedical application due to their imaging potential which significantly improved the clinical diagnostics test. Meanwhile, QDs also have the potential to become the nanocarrier for the drug.
  • 1.7K
  • 05 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Forefoot Function after Hallux Valgus Surgery
The load integrals (impulse) over the central metatarsal region significantly increased, indicating that surgeries increased the risk of transfer metatarsalgia. There is no solid evidence that hallux valgus (HV) surgeries could improve forefoot functions from a biomechanical point perspective. Surgeries might reduce the plantar load over the hallux and adversely affect push-off function. 
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Photonic Sensors
Photonic Sensors (PS) are the set of devices/systems designed to carry out the faithful reproduction of the measurand in the electrical domain using photonic technologies in their key sensor parts.
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Polymer–Metal Composites Materials for Healthcare Device
An ideal medical implant requires optimized properties on both bulk and microscopic scale that can hardly be accomplished by using a single material. Metallic implants such as titanium-based implants possess excellent mechanical properties in general but suffer from corrosion; polymeric implants can be multifunctional and biodegradable, however, difficult to provide some crucial mechanical properties like ductility. With the advance in polymer science and metallurgy, the polymer–metal composite materials serve as an emerging class of healthcare device with optimized bulk and microscopic properties, such polymer–metal composite devices provide good mechanical support, good bio-integration, good hygiene, and minimize bacterial infection and reduced hypersensitivity reactions.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Actuators for Implantable Devices
The choice of actuators dictates how an implantable biomedical device moves. Specifically, the concept of implantable robots consists of the three pillars: actuators, sensors, and powering. Robotic devices that require active motion are driven by a biocompatible actuator. Depending on the actuating mechanism, different types of actuators vary remarkably in strain/stress output, frequency, power consumption, and durability. Most reviews to date focus on specific type of actuating mechanism (electric, photonic, electrothermal, etc.) for biomedical applications. With a rapidly expanding library of novel actuators, however, the granular boundaries between subcategories turns the selection of actuators a laborious task, which can be particularly time-consuming to those unfamiliar with actuation. 
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Hp-NCL Network in Routing Encoding
Goal-directed navigation is a crucial behavior for the survival of animals, especially for the birds having extraordinary spatial navigation ability. In neural mechanism of the goal-directed behavior, especially involving the information encoding mechanism of the route, the hippocampus (Hp), nidopallium caudalle (NCL) and their local networks of the avian brain play important roles.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Finite Element Analysis for Studying Knee Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects the synovial joints, especially the knee joint, diminishing the ability of patients to perform daily physical activities. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been considered a promising computational method to be developed for knee OA management. The FEA pipeline consists of three well-established phases: pre-processing (to prepare the model), processing (to solve the mathematical problem), and post-processing (to analyze the results). Each of these phases requires extensive expertise to conduct them properly, as there exist several different approaches with selection-specific limitations.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
3D Bioprinting of Musculoskeletal Tissue
The musculoskeletal system is a vital body system that protects internal organs, supports locomotion, and maintains homeostatic function. Unfortunately, musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although implant surgeries using autografts, allografts, and xenografts have been conducted, several adverse effects, including donor site morbidity and immunoreaction, exist. To overcome these limitations, various biomedical engineering approaches have been proposed based on an understanding of the complexity of human musculoskeletal tissue. In this review, the leading edge of musculoskeletal tissue engineering using 3D bioprinting technology and musculoskeletal tissue-derived decellularized extracellular matrix bioink is described. In particular, studies on in vivo regeneration and in vitro modeling of musculoskeletal tissue have been focused on. Lastly, the current breakthroughs, limitations, and future perspectives are described.
  • 1.7K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Magnetic Hydrogels
Magnetic hydrogels (MHGs) are a special class of hydrogel that contain at least one magnetic component in their composition. Generally, MNPs are dispersed in a polymer gel matrix to form MHGs. These hydrogels are special because they are prone to show fluctuations in their physical properties in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field.
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Detection of Viruses Using Electrochemical Biosensors
Electrochemical biosensors have tremendous potential for point-of-care virus detection due to their portability and simple detection methods. The main limitation of this method is its sensitivity. Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to enhance the key elements of electrochemical-based biosensing systems.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
EPS Cyanobacterial Bioprocess Development
Cyanobacteria have the potential to become an industrially sustainable source of functional biopolymers. Their exopolysaccharides (EPS) harbor chemical complexity, which predicts bioactive potential. Cyanobacterial EPS, from the bioprocess point of view, is seen as a by-product of biomass and/or metabolite production such as proteins and to a lesser extent lipid. The slimy texture of culture medium after EPS production hinders handling while structure elucidation and productivities gave a tough reputation to these classes of polysaccharides within the industrial sector; however, the uniqueness of the few resolved structures has opened markets to these polysaccharides. To develop an EPS cyanobacterial bioprocess (Cyano-EPS) three steps are highlighted: the selection of the cyanobacterial host; optimization of production parameters; downstream processing. 
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Application of Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration
Hydrogels are versatile biomaterials characterized by three-dimensional, cross-linked, highly hydrated polymeric networks. These polymers exhibit a great variety of biochemical and biophysical properties, which allow for the diffusion of diverse molecules, such as drugs, active ingredients, growth factors, and nanoparticles. Meanwhile, these polymers can control chemical and molecular interactions at the cellular level. The polymeric network can be molded into different structures, imitating the structural characteristics of surrounding tissues and bone defects. Interestingly, the application of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been gathering significant attention due to the beneficial bone improvement results that have been achieved.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hepatic Vessel Skeletonization
Hepatic vessel skeletonization serves as an important means of hepatic vascular analysis and vessel segmentation. Skeletonization provides an effective and compact representation of an image object by reducing its dimensionality to a centerline while preserving the original topologic and geometric properties. Hepatic vascular analysis plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of many liver diseases, classification of liver function regions and inquiry into the nature of vascular growth. Hepatic vessel skeletonization serves as an important means of hepatic vascular analysis, particularly because a hepatic vessel is a kind of thin tubular object satisfying the growth principle of Murray’s law.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
AI&ML for Medical Sector
This work represents a comprehensive analysis of the potential AI, ML, and IoT technologies for defending against the COVID-19 pandemic. The existing and potential applications of AI, ML, and IoT, along with a detailed analysis of the enabling tools and techniques are outlined. A critical discussion on the risks and limitations of the aforementioned technologies are also included.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Glycerol in nano oxides synthesis
The transformation of biomass and the utilization of all the by products derived from chemical conversion of biomass resources is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The impact in society and the level of awareness that already exists inside and outside the scientific community, makes the challenge of improving conversion of biomass to commodities a hot topic. Glycerol, a by-product obtained from the biodiesel production, is a key player compound due to its chemical versatility. The possibility of being used as solvent, reagent, reducing agent (in the polyol method), and so forth, makes glycerol an extremely appealing commodity. When used within nanotechnology, namely combined with nanomaterials, its potential becomes even higher.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Preclinical Cold Atmospheric Plasma Cancer Treatment
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is generated in a rapid yet low-energy input streamer-discharge process under atmospheric pressure conditions and environment. CAP is an ionized gas with a low ionization degree and plenty of reactive species and radicals. These reactive components, and their near-room temperature nature, make CAP a powerful tool in medical applications, particularly cancer therapy. Here, researchers systematically introduced the research status of the preclinical application of CAP in cancer therapy, particularly in vivo studies.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
NanoBubble-Mediated Oxygenation for Hypoxic Pathologies
Nanobubbles also known as ultra-fine bubbles or sub-micron bubbles, are extremely small gas-filled spherical bodies enclosed by an interface (gas–liquid or gas–solid) with a diameter of less than 1000 nm (i.e., ranging in size from tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter). In other words, nanobubbles are composed of gas, such as oxygen or nitrogen, encapsulated within a liquid, typically water, and stabilized by a thin layer of molecules at the gas–liquid interface.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection
The rapid increase in illicit drug use and its adverse health effects and socio-economic consequences have reached alarming proportions in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a highly sensitive analytical tool for the detection of low dosages of drugs in liquid and solid samples.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products
Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In dentistry and oral care products, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening. 
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers where surgery and radiotherapy cannot be effective. PDT relies on the photoactivation of photosensitizers, most of the time by lasers to produced reactive oxygen species and notably singlet oxygen. The major drawback of this strategy is the weak light penetration in the tissues. To overcome this issue, recent studies proposed to generate visible light in situ with radioactive isotopes emitting charged particles able to produce Cerenkov radiation. In vitro and preclinical results are appealing, but the existence of a true, lethal phototherapeutic effect is still controversial.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Dec 2020
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